Erika De Jesus
BIO 111
08-01-17
Photosynthesis Lab
Purpose:
The purpose of this lab is to understand the process of photosynthesis and how sunlight effect has on it. To prove that in order for photosynthesis to happen light is needed, and to see if temperature has an effect on how fast or how slow photosynthesis happens.
Hypothesis:
My hypothesis is that the brightness of the light has an effect on the rate of photosynthesis. I think that the brighter the light is, the faster the rate of photosynthesis.
Materials:
Baking Soda
A healthy fresh picked leaf or plant (i.e. Spinach)
Several small clear glasses or clear plastic cups
Desk Lamp
A bright lightbulb (100 watt)
A lightbulb with fewer watts (i.e. 60 watts)
Hole punch or plastic straw
Plastic Syringe (10 cc or larger)
Dish Soap
Ruler
Methods (Procedures):
1. Prepare 300 ml of bicarbonate solution. (1/8 tsp of baking soda mixed with 300 ml of water)
2. Add 1 drop of dish soap to the solution.
3. Cut 10 uniform leaf disks using the straw or hole punch.
4. Remove the plunger from the syringe and put the leaf disks in the syringe barrel.
5. Put the plunger back into the barrel; be careful not to smash the leaf disks.
6. Insert the syringe into the bicarbonate solution and pull back on the plunger to get a small amount of the solution into the syringe.
7. Turn the syringe so that the needle is pointed upright, and tap the syringe so that the leaf disks are suspended.
8. Remove excess air from the syringe by pushing the plunger in until the bicarbonate solution is right at the end of the needle.
9. Create a vacuum effect by holding your thumb over the needle nose of the syringe and pulling back on the plunger. As you are doing this you will need to simultaneously GENTLY swirl the syringe.
10. Do this for about 10 seconds and then release the plunger and remove your finger from the needle nose. If your seal was created correctly (and you have enough dish soap in your solution) your disks will begin to sink.
11. Pour the disks and the solution from the syringe into a clear plastic cup.
12. Add more of the bicarbonate solution into your cup until you reach a depth of about 3 centimeters.
13. Put the cup under the desk lamp with the 100 watt lightbulb for
1. Fill the graduated cylinder nearly to the top with water, with a tall glass tube open at both ends (the water level with act as the closed end).
You should point the curved tip of the syringe in the tonsil pocket to eliminate deep stones that cannot be seen. Keep the head down so that the stones come out of the mouth. The syringe should contain equal parts of warm water and 3 percent hydrogen peroxide.
Then pour a small amount of aspirin into the funnel allowing the filter paper to adhere, then checking that the vacuum source and tubing is secure begin to pour the remaining amount of mixture into the funnel allowing it to pass through.
Rest hand on table/desk and lightly and carefully squeeze dropper to dispense liquid on top of the penny. Count each drop.
9.Repeat the procedure with a new mass of baking soda. Before beginning, rinse the reaction vessel with water. Refill the graduated cylinder with water. Check water level in collection box so it has room for the water from the graduated cylinder.
Fill the rest of the container almost to the top with water and let the mixture separate.
5.Wait 5 minutes. During these 5 minutes, set all 4 of the syringe plungers on the gas measuring mechanism at 2mL.
Attach the one tube at a time (Do not use the same tube more than once) Pull the water up by pushing the botton up and when it reach the measurement then stop.
Dispense .5 mL water into the already weighed conical vial, replace cap and face insert on its down side.
This is done by adding sodium bicarbonate to the water, raising the total concentration of bicarbonate ions in the water as in the process
Begin by inserting a cheesecloth into a syringe and pressing the cheesecloth to the very bottom of the column.
You have to unpack the kit and connect needle to the hub of the syringe. Ensure that you do not touch the needle with your bare hands. You should not hold the needle itself but its plastic part. To draw the injectable steroid from the vial, you must push out all the air by pushing the plunger into the barrel of the syringe. After this, you should hold the vial in its upside down position, inject the rubber stopper and then begin pulling the liquid in to the squirt slowly. Always ensure that the needle’s tip is under the level of the liquid. You should pull the desired amount in to the syringe barrel. It is highly recommended to use two sterile needles; one for pulling the contents into the syringe and the other for injecting steroids into the
At the same time you start to breathe in slowly, press the canister into the mouthpiece to release one puff of medication.
Measure 50ml of Sodium Hydroxide and pour in to the burette (use funnel, and remove after use).
Squeeze the drip chamber to fill half full. Open the clamp on the piggyback tubing, allowing the solution to prime the tubing. Connect the piggyback unit to the primary tubing. Insert the needle into the injection port of the primary tubing. Secure the connection with tape. Hang the piggyback unit on the IV pole, ensuring that the piggyback unit is at least 6 inches higher than the primary container. Ensure patency of the primary IV. Begin the secondary piggyback infusion. Adjust the roller clamp on the piggyback tubing to regulate the flow rate of the piggyback solution. After label the piggyback infusion tubing with the time and date the medication was initiated.