Krill In Antarctica

Kathy Conlan is an expert in understanding the weird and wonderful world of marine creatures that live deep under the Arctic ice. She specializes in marine benthic biology and amphipod systematics. Kathy studies how human and natural changes affect marine life in the Arctic and Antarctic, the effects of pollution on marine life as well as global warming. She is past chief officer for Life Sciences in the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and is a judge for SCAR’s Martha T. Muse Prize for Science and policy in Antarctica, represents Canada for the Canadian Committee on Antarctic Research, taught at Huntsman Marine Science Centre and Students On Ice, mentors university students and gives speaches and “Show and tells” at the museum.

Harbor seals play a huge role in the Coastal Arctic ecosystem. They are predators of fish and invertebrates (controlling population) also it provides for the top predators. It also plays a huge role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem. Also a lot of parasitic species use this seal as a host.

Throughout the book “Fellowship of the ring”, Frodo Baggins, the central character, embarks on a journey not only literally, but mentally. Frodo discovers traits about himself that he never knew he had, or discovers that he could do what he thought he could never do. Frodo’s journey in this book is to take the “Ring of Power” to Rivendell, the elvish kingdom, and protect it from Sauromon, and the knights of Sauron. He brings along his bodyguard, Samwise Gamgee, and they meet Merry Brandybuck and Pippin Took along the way. Frodo encounters Aragorn as well, who serves as a very useful person to his mental development, as Aragorn teaches him many things. Frodo is able to deliver

DeVries and his colleagues originally went to Antarctica to study respiratory metabolism in fish but what he noticed was that when they caught the fish and put it in an aquarium at freezing point seawater -1.09, the fish survived except for some of the deepwater fish. When those fish touched the ice that formed on the cooling coils of the aquarium, they froze.

During World War II, the United States government published various propaganda posters to help build national pride and gain American’s support to the war effort. One theme that the government focused on was persuading people to purchase war bonds in efforts to “remove money from circulation and reduce inflammation” (U.S War Bonds). When Americans invested in the war effort by purchasing the bonds, the value of them would increase over time. War bonds were a voluntary loan made by everyday Americans on the home front to the government in order to help fund the war and protect the nation’s security. They were seen as a moral act of patriotism. The three posters from above portray the message of buying war bonds during World War II. The authors of these propaganda posters used words and images to provoke the feelings of bravery, sacrifice, and commitment when persuading Americans to purchase war bonds in order to help

“Antarctica has this mythic weight. It resides in the collective unconscious of so many people, and it makes this huge impact, just like outer space. It’s like going to the moon.” ( John Krakauer) The antarctic is home to lots of different animals. Some of these are Adelie, Gentoo and Emperor penguins. Other animals are Elephant and leopard seals as well as Snow petrel, polar skuas and albatrosses. Penguins are often the favorite.

b. Job in the environment: The Antarctic Fur Seal helps to keep the populations of Krill, Squid,and fish at a healthy level for the environment.

Emperor penguins will dive 150m under the ice to find drill and crustaceans. They will go down 400 to 450m to find fish and squid. Some have gone down 565m to find food. They can stay under water for 2 to 9 minutes. Their record is 18 minutes.

A study that was created by Florida Institute of Technology, talked about how the king crabs who could hurt the ecosystem because of the warming waters. From the Antarctic Peninsula warming up is letting the king crabs go from their deep sea homes to the shallow waters. The land creatures will not know what to do if the crabs came up to the surface. With the other creatures, they never had seen crustaceans because they have been in the deep sea. With the data that was collected, it could not be proven that the crustaceans will move to surface. Researchers also found nothing that could stop the king crabs from coming up to the shallow waters even if it got warm. To prove the hypothesis, the hypothesis had to be tested. The researchers who worked

People's fishing activities in these regions. Fishing activities increased in 1982-83 and 1997-98, with the corresponding dramatic decrease of the penguins to 77 % and 65 %, respectively (Boersma 1998).

Study conducted by British Antarctic Survey in 2004 emphasized that Antarctic krill numbers are declining. Krill are very significant to the Antarctic food web and this decline could threaten whales, seals and penguins all of which rely on krill. The decline of krill has been associated to a intense decline in sea ice, their habita. Sea ice is a vigorous feeding ground for the enormous number of krill in the Southern Ocean. The research shows that krill decreased by about 80% since the 1970s. Krill feed on the algae which are found under the surface of the sea ice. The Antarctic Peninsula, an important breeding ground for the krill, has experienced an unusual shrinkage of sea ice.

Global warming also has an impact on the African penguins such as the adults have to travel further and expend more energy in order to find adequate food for themselves and their chicks which means more die from starvation.

Previously, we mentioned that fisheries are competing with penguins for food, however, a major issue remains climate change. According to The Huffington post, a study published by the World Wildlife Fund found that the world marine vertebrate population declined by 49% between 1970 and 2012. The rising temperature has caused coral reefs to decrease immensely, along with 33% of all seagrass to becoming lost due to rising temperatures. Commercial fish has decreased by 75%, these fish include mackerel and bonito. According to the article, if these fish serve as food sources to other species and animals, the lack of them could cause casualties in other animals.

One of the reason why the Macaroni penguin is on this is is the abiotic and the biotic factors of the ecosystem that the Macaroni penguin lives in. Some of the abiotic factors are that the oil spills over the past years have affected the water that the penguins swim in and it is killing them and the food. Another abiotic factor that has be affecting the penguins is climate change. The climate change has affected the animal by warming of the water temperature and air temperature. This is the thing that as change the most to make the penguin on the endangered list. All of these other factors we here before this and global warming is affecting this animal in a bad way like many other arctic animals.

As American citizens it is our duty to follow the laws stated in the American Constitution in order to maintain our rights to be free. If we fail to follow the laws we lose our rights as free citizens in these United States.