Koxinga

Not only were the British army dismissive of the idea that the Japanese would launch attacks, when the news broke out, they were convinced that Japanese armies would assault from the sea and accordingly distributed forces to the coasts. This lead to a lack of armies and forces on the the island’s north-east, where the Japanese militaries came from. After the loss of men in the battle at Malaya, there was an insufficient amount of soldiers and due to miscalculations, armies were spread thinly across Singapore, which proved to be ineffective to defend a large mass of Japanese

b. The emperor Kangxi led the conquest of the island of Taiwan , home to Chinese and Japanese pirates, in 1681. Struggles with a new rival to the north and northwest, manchurians , led to constant conflict and extensive territorial gains for China.

Before Nanking was invaded a tough battle in Shanghai began the war in the summer of 1937. The Chinese put up a shocking battle against japan. This was slightly embarrassing to Japan because they predicted that the would conquer all of China in only three months. The battle in Shanghai alone lasted a little over five months. This infuriated the Japanese and increased the appetite for revenge that was led up to Nanking.

The battle of Chipyong-ni took place from 13-15 February 1951, in the small road hub and railway town of the same name1. The 8th Army Commander, General Ridgeway, determined that it was a key location to keep the Chinese from moving farther south to stabilize the UN front2. COL Paul Freeman, who would later become a four-star general, commanded the 23rd Infantry Regiment3. The unit recently won the battle of Twin Tunnels several miles south. “Freeman’s mission was to deny the enemy the use of the road net and hold the area” of Chipyong-ni4. Over the course of three long nights the Soldiers of the 23rd infantry regiment held back an overwhelming Chinese force, estimates from after the battle believe that there were six Chinese Communist Force (CCF) Divisions5.

X Corps consisted of the 1st Marine Division, Regimental Combat Team 31(RCT31), and the British 41 Royal Marine Commandos. X Corps positioned the 1st Marine Division along the western side of the Chosin Reservoir mostly aligned along the road between the Chosin Reservoir and Hungdam. The Bulk of 1St Marine Division was concentrated at Yudami-ni.[4] Assuming that only a light UN presence would be at the Chosin reservoir, the Chinese 9th Army was tasked to destroy the UN garrisons at Yudami-ni and Sinhung-ni, and then push towards Hagaru-r.[5] The 9th Army would then envelop and trap the main UN forces on the road between Hagaru-ri and Hungnam. The 9th Army initially committed six divisions for the battle, with most of the forces concentrated at Yudami-ni and Sinhung-ni.[6] The UN forces had an approximate strength of 30,000 during the course of the battle.[7] The Chinese 9th Army was supposed to be composed of 12 divisions with a nominal strength of

The strategies and tactics used during this war were described in detail. The more important thing described, however, is not the actual strategy, but who made these strategies and what the other leaders thought of them. When General Lee decided to attack the enemy head on instead of going around them, not everyone agreed with the plan. Longstreet, for one, thought that they should have gone around the enemy and hit them from the back. These conflicts were great to see because it showed that everything was not going in perfect unison. It showed that these strategies we not always etched in stone. These plans had the potential to be changed many times. No successful strategy has gone uncontested and unchanged.

In 1984 the Sino-Japanese war happened. This war has significant influence for Chinese government, because this is the first time China were defeated by a non-western power, and Japan was consider as a weak “tiny” neighbor of China. China and the entire world was shocked by losing Sino-Japanese War. Losing Sino-Japanese War is a symbol that Qing Dynasty is going to perished, and the way that China lose is worth to study. Even though the westernization movement did not operated so well, but it still modernize and improve the Chinese military power. Especially Chinese marine has lots of modern warship and weapon, and China has more soldier than Japan. It is fair to say that China has enough army to fight with Japan. But, why Japanese win the Sino-Japanese War? Firstly, Chinese government did not realized that Japan dare to fight with China, so they did not prepare well. Secondly, Chinese government try to stop the war by diplomacy, they trying ask western countries for help, but, at the moment the western countries were stand for Japan. Last and most importantly, the old feudalism and bureaucracy made Chinese army lose the war. The commander of Chinese marine Li Hongzhang, who is also the leader of “westernization” party in the government. Because he is the commander of the marine, so he has authority in Qing government. He does not wants to fight with Japanese army, because if he lose his marine, he will also lose the

Danshui Plant No.2 is a contract manufacturer locating in southern China and was assembles electronic products for companies wishing to save labor costs and they are using semiskilled labor for less than 1 dollar an hour. In August 2010, Danshui Plant No.2 in southern China has a 1 year contract in the period between 1 June 2010 and 31 May 2011 with Apple incorporation to assemble the Apple iPhone 4. Based on the contract, Danshui need to assemble 2.4 million iPhones within 1 year. However, Wentao Chen, manager of Danshui Plant No.2 was anxious about the plant is not able to assemble 2.4 million as their expected and is operating at a loss when the third month of the contract. Their current production was only 180,000 units

President Theodore Roosevelt is one of the most widely respected and popular figures in history. From his childhood to adulthood, he is an example of great courage, strength, perseverance and success. He once said, “The only man who never makes mistakes is a man who never does anything.” Despite having a very weak body as a child, he never gave up on himself nor his dreams. He was quite the role model for civilians during his time and even today. As the only president from New York City, his childhood home is in downtown Manhattan. It is obvious that he lead a very wealthy life with a loving family. His parents were very supportive and raised their children in an intellectually stimulating environment. For

b. The emperor Kangxi led the conquest of the island of , home to Chinese and Japanese pirates, in 1681. Struggles with a new rival to the north and northwest, , led to constant conflict and extensive territorial gains for China.

However, after the Japanese retreat, the Communists and the Guomindang raced for control the areas that Japan had occupied. The USA became involved, because the US did not want the Communists to win control of China. They supported Guomindang troops to seize most other coastal cities and ports. The USA did not want to renew the civil war, therefore send General George C. Marshall to bring the two sides together in December 1945. He managed to sing a truce between them but it broke down in early 1946. The Civil War started. Guomindang seemed stronger because their military power was helped by America. Chiang Kai-shek was recognised as the true leader of China. Communists were not in good position, because they did not have air force and navy, they had few railways and they only had an army of 1 million men. It seemed really weak; they did not even have the help of a

At the end of the Sino-Japanese War the Guomindang held significant advantages over the Communists, with its widely recognised legitimate government controlling China, giving it the power to tax and conscript. On the other hand, the Communists could not match the Guomindang's troops in terms of training and equipment and could be "outgunned and outmanoeuvred in all major regions of the country" (Westad, 2003: 8). Furthermore, the Communist party was hardly represented in the cities at all, which of course was the power base of the Guomindang. However, the Communists also had successes resulting from the war with Japan including increasing their area of control and practiced evolving their strategies of protracted guerrilla warfare against the Japanese which in turn generated public support. Despite this the party's main forces were still located in North-west China and they were not in such a powerful position that a civil war with the Guomindang would be a mere formality in securing control of the country.

Their Tactics. The Nationalist tactics played into the hands of the Communists who were able to make the most of the position they found themselves in at the end of the Second World War.

Throughout the history of China, the civil strife in China had marked a significant event. With two parties established; the Nationalist known as Kuomintang (KMT) and the Communist known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), conflicts between them began to erupt due to their difference in beliefs when CCP began to question to morality of democracy and capitalism. This led to the Chinese Civil War (1945-1949). Although many see that, “early in the civil war it looked as though the Nationalists might prevail. They controlled key cities, their well-equipped troops far outnumbered Communist troops, and they had support from the United States,” (Tamura 180) the outcome of the war was not what everyone thought to be due to many

Victoria’s long reign saw a growth in literature, especially in fiction, practiced notably by Dickens, Thackeray, the Brontës, George Eliot, Trollope, James, and Hardy. Victorian is a term that is often extended beyond the queen’s reign (1837-1901) to include William IV’s reign from 1830. Historian distinguishes early, middle, and late Victorian England, corresponding to periods of growing pains, of confidence in the 1850s, and of loss of consensus after 1880, a date which offers a convenient division: Charles Dickens (1812-70), and Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) belonged to different ages. (Alexander, Michael. (2000). A history of English literature. London: Macmillan press LTD)