Kidney Stones

Nephritis is the inflammation of one or both kidneys. Causes may include: kidney conditions, lupus nephritis, neuropathy etc. Types of nephritis include: acute, chronic, glomerulonephritis, and autoimmune. Symptoms include: cloudy and bloody urine or reduced urine, and loin pain.

Men are more likely to have kidney stones, because their urinary tract is larger than women's. Men are more prone to kidney stones their weight and size. Kidney stones are caused by low fluid intake, hot environments, high salt and protein intake, depending on your body kidney stones are able to develop due to lack of support from your body. As being the medical assistant I would be sure to make sure they are drinking plenty of water and are getting plenty of rest. I would also tell my patient to eat healthy fruit as is, without adding sugar or salt.

Many areas incorporate chemicals referred to as purines, which in turn separate typically for making uric damaging. Almost all blood-borne uric damaging is going harmlessly through the kidneys, the actual FDA explained, nonetheless an overabundance on the damaging can easily induce the action program regarding uric jewels, which in turn go up to obtain gout.

Nephrolithiasis can be suspected based on the history and physical examination. However, lab works and diagnostic imaging are important to confirm and exclude the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis. Urinalysis is performed to examine the presence of blood, urine pH and crystals to identify the contents of the stone as well as infection. An elevated WBC count or presence of bacteria in the urine is a sign of infection. Identifying the stone composition will help to direct the medical therapy for the patient. A 24 hour urine collection is done to identify dietary and individual risk factors for recurrent nephrolithiasis. Several imaging studies can be performed to rule out nephrolithiasis. If a patient is pregnant or contraindicated for better imaging

Hyperparathyroidism results in an increased tendency to develop renal calculi due to the elevated serum calcium and metastatic calcifications of soft tissues including blood vessels is also common. Patients will also commonly develop duodenal ulcers and may have a change in mental status resulting in lethargy, weakness, and confusion.

You lie on a water-filled cushion, and the surgeon uses X-rays or ultrasound tests to precisely locate the stone. High-energy sound waves pass through your body without injuring it and break the stone into small pieces. These small pieces move through the urinary tract and out of the body more easily than a large stone.

Your urine test and physical exam showed a kidney infection. This is called pyelonephritis. It is a urinary tract infection that affects your kidney. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. Most kidney infections result from lower urinary tract infections, usually bladder infections, and occur when bacteria travel from the vagina or rectal area into the urethra and bladder. The urethra is the tube that empties urine from the bladder. From the bladder, the bacteria travel up the ureter or ureters into the kidney or kidneys. The ureters are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. In women, the urethra is very short, which allows bacteria to spread to the bladder easily, and eventually, the kidney.

Pyelonephritis, or a kidney infection, is a form of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Most of these infections are caused by an infection of your lower urinary tract, like your bladder, first that then spreads upstream to your kidneys. Your kidneys are part of your upper urinary tract that help filter your blood to make urine, and work around the clock to do this. In one day, your 2 kidneys combined filter anywhere from 120 to 150 quarts of blood, which is equivalent to 30-37.5 gallons of blood filtered per day. You have 2 kidneys which are bean shaped and about the size of a fist.

The treatment of nephrolithiasis has undergone a rapid evolution over the past years. The introduction and refinement of extracorporeal, endourologic,and percutaneous techniques have caused a shift in the first-line management of even complex renal stones. Today, PCNL in conjunction with shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has replaced open stone surgery at most institutions (Matlaga et al, 2002).

     Kidney stones are hard, crystalline deposits in the kidney. They are usually hexagonal, eighty percent of which are made of calcium. These calcium stones are two to three times more common in men, and are most likely to reoccur. The calcium oxalate versions most likely result from eating specific food. One percent of stones are cystine stones, which have to do with

Mr. Sánchez diagnostic is Nephrolithiasis which is another name for kidney stones also called renal calculi. Renal calculi are like little pieces of stones almost the size of the grain of sand that stuck in the ureters that formed in the kidneys. During urination, the patient will experience severe pain from passing out stones through the ureter. Kidney stones occur from a buildup of certain substances as well as minerals found in the urine such as calcium phosphate and uric acid. According to Livestrong, calcium phosphate known as hydroxyapatite is the primary mineral your body uses to build and strengthen bones and teeth. According to Wikipedia, uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides, and it is a normal component of urine. When the blood is concentrated in a high level of uric acid this can lead to gout that associated with other medical complications such as diabetes and the development of ammonium acid urate calculi. These minerals along with other substances travel through the bloodstream forming solid masses called stones.

Kidney stones are a very common condition where your urine contains crystal-forming substances such as calcium, oxalate, and urine acid. When your urine contains more crystals than the fluid your urine can dilute. Your urine may lack substances that prevent crystals from sticking together. This creates a perfect environment for kidney stones to form. Kidney stones often have no definitive cause, although several factors may increase your risk. There are also many types of kidney stones. Knowing they types of stones may help determine the cause of the kidney stones. Most common kidney stones are calcium stones. These stones usually form due to calcium oxalate. Oxalate is usually found in food. Chocolate, fruit, vegetables, and nuts usually contains a high level of oxalate. Another type of kidney stones are known as struvite stones. Struvite stones form due to infection, for example a urinary tract infection. Struvite stones can grow quickly, and become very large. Uric acid stones usually form in people who drink too little or too much liquids, people with a high protein diet, or people who suffer from gout.

Renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease may result from persistent urinary obstruction. Long-term complications can include recurrent pyelonephritis and ureteric strictures (36). It was reported that the presence or absence of symptoms does not significantly alter the presence and extent of urinary deposits in the urinary stone patients. In many cases, kidney stones develop without producing any symptoms. If they become lodged in the ureter, nevertheless, the symptoms can be very severe.

Kidney stones can be caused by dehydration, urinary tract infections, kidney disorders and certain metabolic disorders such as over active thyroid glands. Developing stones may also be hereditary. Indinavir, a medicine used to treat HIV infection, can also be a factor in the development of kidney stones.Struvite stones can form as a result of a urinary tract infection. High calcium levels in the urine creates crystals of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate to form in kidneys or in the urinary tract. Stones may also form in individuals who experience chronic inflammation of the bowel or have had an intestinal bypass, or ostomy surgery. People with a history of forming calcium oxalate stones are usually advised to limit or eliminate high-oxalate foods which include rhubarb,spinach,beets,swiss chard,wheat germ,soybean crackers,peanuts,okra,chocolate,black

The pain is excessive and frequently appears to tour into the groin. Renal colic is due to the presence of a stone in the ureter.