International Business And Multinational Corporations

DNA collection is a good thing not only can it help catch the person responsible for an illegal crime, but it can also clear up a suspect’s name. In the case of Maryland v. King on April 2009 Alonzo Jay King was charged for first and second degree assault for scarring a crowd of people with a shotgun, he was arrested and as a part of their booking procedure, they swabbed Alonzo Jay King for his DNA. Kings DNA sample later resulted to be a match of a DNA sample in the system “CODIS” of a rape victim by the name of Vonette W.’s Salisbury. Vonnette was raped on September 2003 but had not gotten justice for the crime against her since the only evidence was the DNA sample of the semen that was swabbed. No matches were found in the data base until Alonzo Jay King was arrested. By collecting DNA, it can help lead to an arrest of a suspect and to be able to close cases.

In the play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth is a very important character. she has a major role involving the death of king Duncan and has a strong ambition to take control of the crown. Lady Macbeth shows the characteristics of being selfish, devious and ruthless.

Introduction: Succeeding in international business is a tough job even for the most experienced multinational enterprise; international business has never come at a small price. There are trade barriers; cultural, political difficulties coupled with resource allocation and management strategy issues. In the mist of all these challenges some MNEs especially those from developing countries enter the international business arena with limited resources and experience and they still succeed.

Dunning’s OLI paradigm (1976) is used to support firms to locate its production in countries that are financially beneficial for them. According to Dunning, “the paradigm offers a holistic framework to take in consideration all of the important factors that influence the decision of a MNE.” (Stefanović, 2008, p.241) FDI is determined through the composition of the three powerful advantages; ownership, location and internationalisation as shown in figure 1. The thesis is to assess, ‘why go multinational?’, ‘how to choose the best location?’ and ‘what actions have to be taken to enter a foreign market?’

Peng et al. (2008) articulates a framework in which firm resources and capabilities are viewed as one of three antecedents of a firm’s international business strategy (the other two being industry based competition and institutional conditions and transitions). Thus, the current literature sheds light only on how the capabilities of MNEs enable them to formulate appropriate strategic choices that match their resources with opportunities in their external, that is, their global, environment. However, mechanisms that ensure successful implementation of the chosen strategies remain unclear. While we assume that MNEs should be able to establish appropriate structures to match their strategies, research has shown that there is a lot of incongruence between MNE strategy and structure (Duysters and Hagedoorn 2001).

The rapidity with the MNCs are growing is indicated by the fact that while according to the world investment report 1997 there were about 45,000 MNCs with 2,80,000 overseas affiliates; according to the world investment report 2001, there were over 63,000 of them with about 8,22,000 overseas affiliates. China was host to about 3.64 lakh of the affiliates (i.e., more than

1) ________ consists of specific learned norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs of a group of people.

International business management refers to the effective management of business transactions that are to be performed across various countries. This is done to satisfy the objectives of people and organizations. Thus a firm should be aware of various issues while entering foreign markets. There are key political, cultural, social, legal and environmental issues that every organization must fully cover to ensure the smooth running of its business in foreign shores. Failure to do so may lead to may obstacles. It is always effective to take a proactive measure while conducting business in foreign markets.

Specifically, it is extending the firms unit network and also it is using as a strategic "weapon" for competing in the company's target markets and technologies (Harrigan 1987). At this point, it is worth mentioned that JVs is the main way for a firm to enter in a foreign development country (Vaupel and Curhan 1973). Recent research has illustrated that Multinational Enterprise (MNE) usually choose JV’s over wholly owned subsidiaries (Beamish 1984) and also that it applies this particular entry mode in Less Developed Countries (Geringer and Hebert 1991). Moreover, JV probably is established when the firm wanted to transfer knowledge that is governmentally entrenched and difficult to transfer by licensing (Kogut 1988). Finally, it could be said that IJV is an alternative from wholly - owned subsidiaries and it is used as a way to compete in both multi-local and international markets (Porter & Fuller 1986; Harrigan 1988). On the other hand, the existence of two or more members may cause difficulties in controlling, managing and in the performance of MNEs (Drucker 1974; Young & Bradford 1977; Janger 1980; Killing 1983; Geringer 1986) issues that analyzed

influenced them to invest in the USA. This globalization and localization pressure communally create strategic path for MNCs in terms of their relationship with SMEs as shown below

One thing to be observed in case of the MNCs is that they have usually developed in a impulsive and unconscious manner. Very often they developed through "Creeping incrementalism" Many firms become multinationals by accident. Sometimes a firm established a subsidiary abroad due to wage differentials and better opportunity existing in the host country.

Question No.1: The freedom in the world survey evaluates the state of political rights and civil liberties around the world. Provide a description of this survey and a “ freedom” ranking of the leaders and laggards of the world. What factors does this survey consider when forming the ranking?

Regional Trade Agreements and Global trade liberalization are common terms that are used to analyze different market structures in the market. According to international economics, RTAs (Regional Trading Agreements) are the agreements in which members give each another privileged treatment with respect to the extent by which the trade barriers have been established. On the other side, Global Trade liberalization is a general term referring to the depletion of trade boundaries globally to ensure free trade among all state. Ideally, Free trade agreements are sometimes more formal than the Global Trade liberalization policies. It is deemed that Regional Trade Agreements are yielded from the Global Trade liberalization. That is; it is an

The theories and study on the multinational corporations (MNCs) internationalisation has been prominent in the international business (IB) studies for many decades. Though earlier studies were dominated by firms’ from the advanced economy in Europe, USA, and Japan. Therefore, is not surprising that theories of MNCs internationalisation or foreign direct investment (FDI) would reflect on the behaviour and perspectives of advanced economies firms. Such theories, for example,

Globalisation has resulted in an ever-increasing cross-border international business activity. As further research by UNCTAD (2005), there are more than 65,000 multinational corporations with over 850,000 corresponding foreign subsidiaries scattered around the world. The Multinational Corporates (MNCs) will send the employees, which are suitable as expatriates to the subsidiary. According to Edstrom and Galbraith (1977), they proposed three general company motives for making this type of transfer, which are fill the position, management development and organization development. Expatriates will transfer technical and managerial knowledge to the subsidiaries. At the meantime, the expatriates will gain better understanding or international