Internal and external factors
Within travel and tourism inbound and domestic tourism are frequently changing, there are many internal and external factors which have a major impact and contribute to these changes. In this assignment I am going to analyse 3 internal and 3 external factors which affect the travel and tourism industry.
Internal
Strength of the pound
Depending on how strong the UK pound is determines how well the country’s economy is; if the pound is strong this means the country is doing well and vice versa. However this also has an effect on the number of people that visit the UK, a strong pound actually deters overseas visitors due to them receiving fewer pounds when exchanging their own money as one UK pound is worth
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Visit Britain estimated that the 7/7 London bombings in 2005 resulted in a 2% fall in overseas visitors causing a loss of £300 million for the UK economy and also a total loss of £150 million to the capital as 50% of overseas visitors travel to London.
Book one 3rd edition – Unit 3 – page 117 – 24/11/10
External
Economic recession
A recession is a general slowdown in economic activity over a period of time which is longer than a few months. During recessions many factors are affected such as; employment, investment spending, household incomes, business profits, bankruptcies and the rise in unemployment rates. Governments usually respond to recessions by increasing money supplies, increasing government spending and decreasing taxes.
In 2008 the UK went into a recession, this had a major effect on the value and volume of inbound and domestic tourism in the UK as visitor numbers fell during the year 2009 as a result of the recession.
In 2007 the UK received 32.7 million visitors, this fell to 31.8 million in 2008 and fell further again to 29.8 million by 2009. Tourists also began to spend fewer days in the UK during their visits decreasing from an average of 8.4 days in 2006 to 7.7 days
There has been a major decline in the travel and tourism sector in Cyprus. A 2.4% overall decrease in arrivals were recorded last month compared to the same month in 2009 and a decrease of 10.2% was recorded in arrivals from the UK for the year – suggesting that Cyprus is beginning to become a less popular holiday destination for the British; one of Cyprus' main markets.
The number of trips taken by Britons overseas has declined by 12.6 million, from 69.4 million to 56.8 million between 2007 and 2011, according to the research by Travelodge. This means that 5.9 million holidays and trips have come out of the market altogether when the number of domestic holidays and trips are factored in. This is shy of the government’s stated ambition for domestic trips to replace the number of missing overseas trips, the report says. However, the analysis shows that ‘staycation’ breaks were up by 5.6% as the recession proved that holidays are an essential rather than a luxury. UK city breaks account for 23% of domestic tourism but seaside towns are in decline by 5%. Total tourism revenue was up 12.6% to £40 billion between 2007-2011 against the general economy up 8%. Employment numbers in tourism have bucked the wider trend, thanks to strong growth in 2011 when 120,000 new jobs were created. The UK’s appeal as a tourist destination endured during the double dip, with overall visitor numbers up by 3.1% to 157.4 million, the report shows. Staycations form the backbone of the tourism economy, with domestic trips and holidays increasing by 5.6% to 126.6 million.
The chief executive of British Airways announced in 2012 that the complicated process for Chinese nationals was deterring them from visiting the UK and as a result, the British economy was suffering with 149,000 Chinese nationals visiting the UK in 2012 compared to the 1.1 million that visited the Schengen area.
Evaluate the potential impacts of two factors on the future of UK inbound and domestic tourism
The performance of the UK economy depends very much on the level of Aggregate demand within the economy. AD=C+I+G+(X-M). The UK economy can be judged by a number of key indicators mainly sustainable economic growth, low inflation (target 2%), a surplus on the
The decision to focus on the domestic market was heavily impacted by the decreasing number o international tourist. A thorough evaluation revealed that three main contributing factors to the decline in international visitation were the strength of the Australian dollar, International financial factors and competing international theme parks.
According to the financial definition, a recession is a significant decline in activity spread across the economy, lasting longer than a few months. It is visible in industrial production, employment, real income, and wholesale-retail trade. The technical indicator of a recession is two consecutive quarters of negative economic growth as measured by a country's GDP. (Dictionary.com) A less official and more realistic definition of an economic recession is the social perception of the state of the economy at a given time. The collective beliefs of the public, mainly businesses and consumers, drive the social perception of whether things are seen as positive or negative. Unfortunately
A recession is full-proof sign of declined activity within the economic environment. Many economists generally define the attributes of a recession are two consecutive quarters with declining GDP. Many factors contribute to an economy's fall into a recession, but the major cause argued is inflation. As individuals or even businesses try to cut costs and spending this causes GDP to decline, unemployment rate can rise due to less spending which can be one of the combined factors when an economy falls into a recession. Inflation is the general rise in prices of goods and services over a period of time. Inflation can happen for reasons such as higher energy and production costs and that includes governmental debt.
When the UK economy is doing well, its pound sterling is strong. However, having a strong pound actually discourage visitors from overseas because when they exchange their money in pound they will be getting less money, so it make visiting UK expensive and it deter inbound visitor from visiting UK.
Also, DCMS built on Our Promise for 2012, in which the fifth promise was to demonstrate the UK is a creative, inclusive and welcoming place to live in, visit and for business. To achieve this promise, DCMS stated the plan that make the most of the long-term tourism benefits that the Games will bring nationwide (Our promise for 2012, 2015). As the nature of international tourism is exported service and goods, which has a significant proportion of economic outcome in tourism industry, this paper is aimed to analyse the impact of 2012 London Olympic Games on the inbound tourism in London and the UK. The impacts of the 2012 London Olympic Games on inbound tourism can cover a wide range of aspects, including service improvement, infrastructure improvement, star-hotel increase, tourist flows and so on; nevertheless, this paper will only focus on two aspects: overseas visitor arrivals and spending and destination image improvement.
The “Great Recession” is commonly used to explain the massive economic contraction that occurred in the United States during the fourth quarter of 2007. However, the actions of the United States spanned to other nations, leaving massive effect on the global economy. One nation that took on serious financial burden during this recession was the United Kingdom. This nation first faced the effects of the Great Recession beginning in the first quarter of 2008. Overall, the initial mass effects on the nation can be attributed to the nation’s reliance on the financial sector. In fact, after partially stabilizing in 2009, the country struggled with a double-dip recession between 2010-12, and continues to struggle with some of these effects.
The impacts of tourism on Britain helps to define the potential impacts of Brexit due to the benefits of being in the European Union. European Union, EU, refers to “an economic and political partnership involving 28 European countries” (Hunt, 2016). This partnership has its own regulations in a wide range of areas, such as borderless policy and single market. These regulations made a positive impacts of tourism in Britain because it promotes Britain’s cultural and its economic growth. Therefore, this paper will illustrate how
The tourism industry is very important to the UK economy as it financially represents the investment. The royal wedding had an increase of visitors to the UK and only 30% visiting the individual tourist attractions. However some venues were trying to
Due to Brexit London Stock Exchange crashed and it saw trillions of pounds wiped off from UK’s share market. The share market became volatile. The investors of UK’s share market decided to move their funds to other European share market in Germany and Ireland and France. As a result pound lost its exchange value for the first time in last 15
As can be seen, the macro environment has had a significant impact on the tourism industry during the 2000s. The key factors affecting tourism negatively would be the political, social and