Influenza Research Paper

Viral cell culturing has become a commonly used method for the cultivation of viruses. Before cell cultures, many viruses were propagated by the use of an embryonated egg. However, today embryonated eggs are still used for the production of vaccines and for the isolation of avian and influenza viruses. In addition, there are several procedures that must be carried out when a virus is grown in an embryonated egg. For instance, the eggs must be candled (to determine viability) and disinfected before a hole is drilled. Next, the virus must be injected into the appropriate area of a 5-14 day old embryonated egg. Signs of successful viral growth include pocks, hemagglutination, or death of the embryo 2-5 days after injection. In this lab, the purpose was to inject Influenza A Virus (H1N1) strain APR/8/34 into the chorioallantoic sac of a 9-11 day old embryonated egg. Our hypothesis was that the Influenza A virus will grow successfully in the embryonated egg to yield successful results for the following lab.

Yes. On a various type of surfaces Influenza, A and B can survive for 24-48 hours (Bean, Moore,

Natalie informed members that clarification has been provided where the Prevnar 13 will be given first then Pneumo23 vaccine. This is forthcoming for the next influenza season by Alberta Health in August 2016.

The influence of influenza during 1918 took a huge toll on the people of the world. They struggled as the pandemic affected nearly all parts of the world, though the different societies dealt with the issue differently due to their cultures and beliefs. When looking at a disease an important factor that comes with curing it, comes looking at where the disease begins. As a disease slowly take out the population, science and the people look for the root cause of the disease in order to control and stop it in its tracks. The world commonly sees Asia or specifically East Asia as to where most diseases and pandemics can be linked to. Rather than just blaming a specific area for the disease developing, taking a look as to how their society deals

The Spanish influenza, also known as La Grippe, Spanish Lady, three day fever, purulent bronchitis, sand-fly fever and Blitz Katarrh (The 1918 Influenza Pandemic) was a global disaster which occurred between March of 1918 and the spring season of 1919 (The 1918 Influenza Pandemic). This virus was more catastrophic even than the First World War which was occurring at the same time the influenza broke out, killing more people than the Great War itself (The 1918 Influenza Pandemic). The virus killed more people in one year than in the four years of the Black Death Bubonic Plague (The 1918 Influenza Pandemic). Many questions about the flu’s origin and its nature remain largely mysterious to epidemiologists and scientists alike. (1918 Influenza:

For those who participate in college athletics or keep to a strict workout schedule, exercise seems like a given aspect of life at Furman. The Physical Activities Center circulates students and others from the community throughout the entire day. Wellness workout classes instruct students how to use machines and create workout regimens. These are marks of a healthy lifestyle, and you may notice that your friends and roommates who workout tend to get sick less often. Maybe they always beat the common cold, or maybe they avoid flu season entirely. Exercise has been linked to health benefits and has proven to help the immune system fight off infections. Not only will working out make your everyday life less stressful, it will fill up your schedule, make you more social, and overall improve your well being in how you look and feel.

Every year, many people get influenza all over the world and sometime this disease causes death. Medical care has been improved, but it is difficult to prevent influenza. People get it easily. According to Mortada, during the ful season of 2012 to 2013, the disease has caused 111 deaths (Mortada, 16). We have to prevent ourselves from the disease as much as we can. Otherwise, it would be infect to other people 　including family, friends, classmates, coworkers, and more. To prevent influenza, we must have strong immune system and get vaccinations that are suited for each person.

It was 1918 early moring at an crowded army base in Kansas when it started.It would become the deadliest disease since the middle ages, when the black dealth wiped out one-thrid of Eurpoes population. It may have started in the United States but it would pass all around the world. The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 was originally a bird virus but then it mutated into a human virus. Today we know it as the flu but back then it had many different names such as the Spanish Influenza, The Spanish Lady and of course the Influenza Pandemic of 1918. It had 3 waves, one worst than the last. Children started to sing a song that fall: I had little bird its name was enza, I opened the window and In-flu-enza. There were a few countries who did not receive this deadly virus because of

Influenza (the flu), is an infectious disease caused by the influenza virus. The symptoms of influenza range from mild to severe and usually start 2 days after exposure to virus, the most common symptoms are high fever, sore throat, runny nose, muscle pains, headache, coughing, and feeling tired.

Influenza A virus (IAV) is thought to have emerged from aquatic birds and bats. It’s peculiar

There are different ways a molecule can be endocytosed into cell. Rust and colleagues focused on two different mechanisms: clathrin-mediated endocytosis and clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis. Using real-time visualization of the influenza virus, Rust and colleagues were able to observe these two pathways in action. They hypothesized that without inhibiting endogenous endocytic mechanisms of the cell, the influenza virus would use both types of pathways to enter a cell.

Influenza (flu) is an acute, contagious and fast-spreading respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus. Virus spread through the contact between persons, contact with contaminated items or the droplets in the air. Typical symptoms are high fever, chills, body aches, significant fatigue and mild respiratory infection. There is a high incidence of infection in autumn and winter, complications and mortality are very serious. This influenza viral disease can be classified into three types, A, B and C which cause the annual influenza epidemics that have up to 20% of the population sniffling, aching, coughing, and running high fevers. This disease is self-limiting, but serious complications such as pneumonia in infants, children, elderly

Influenza strikes this country in pandemic proportions every year. Although there are many factors contributing to morbidity and mortality, the mortality rate varies from year to year. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in the thirty year range from 1976 to 2006, saw death rates from a low of 3000 to a high of 49000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). So far this season, there have been 3697 deaths from influenza related illness (CDC, 2016). In 2009, the virulent H1N1 strain, with a 20% risk of death, also brought the difficulties of lack of research based clinical evidence for treatments (Cook, et al., 2010). The lack of research conducted during pandemics stems from the delay caused by the often

Structure: The influenza virus looks like a sphere covered with spike like proteins for grip ready to latch on to a healthy human cell. “The H spike (hem agglutinin) and the N spike (neuraminidase) are called proteins and exist in the envelope and they are used for antigenic typing” (Pearson 2004). These proteins allow the virus to enter and exit the host (our cells). Once the virus is inside the cell, the virus can begin reproducing. Soon, each infected cell is filled with thousands of new viruses, each of them looking to leave the cell to find a new home in another cell and begin reproducing there.

Signs and symptoms of the flu? Initially, this virus may seem like a common cold. There will be a runny nose, frequent sneezing, and a sore throat. The difference is that a cold develops slowly whereas the flu tends to come all of a sudden and feel ten times worse. The common signs and symptoms of the flu will include a fever over 100.4 fahrenheit, aching muscles, chills, sweats, headaches, a dry and persistent cough, fatigue and feelings of weakness, nasal congestion, and a sore