In the most general sense of the word, a concrete is a substance that solidifies to act as glue.

The Pax Romana was a time of relative peace during the Roman Empire. Although there were conflicts during The Pax Romana it was generally a time of prosperity and expansion for Rome, mainly under the leadership of Augustus and Tiberius who successfully expanded borders and made peace. Pax Romana is Latin for peaceful Rome. It was from 27 BC to 180 AD, from the end of the Republican Civil wars to the death of Marcus Aurelious. Augustus started ruling when Pax Romana began, so it is also called the age of Augustus. During this period Rome expanded and fought other provinces when they revolted or taking over. There were more peaceful effects happening and the art and architecture was flourishing. There were a few different leaders during this

Concrete is a powdered substance that when combined with water will harden into a solid form. It can be poured, formed, and sculpted, to achieve almost any architectural shape and size. It is a very strong material, which allowed for construction of large buildings and roads. Prior to the invention of concrete, buildings would be built using stones that were heavy,

Concrete can be looked at as a material made from sand, gravel and cement. According to Lambert (2002), “the first major concrete users were the Egyptians in around 2,500 BC and the Romans from around 300 BC”. Roman concrete like modern concrete was an artificial building material made up of aggregate, binding agent and water. Aggregate could be gravel, chunks of stone, chunks of rubble, broken bricks, etc. Binding agent could be mud , lime or gypsum, mixed with rubbles stone. The Roman added pozzolona, a special volcanic dust found in central Italy (Archserve, n.d). The addition of pozzolona made the bond with the aggregate far stronger than what was traditionally being used. This development drastically changed and shaped construction work in the life of Rome.

Cement is made from a mixture of limestone, sandstone, ash, chalk, iron, and clay. Researchers discovered the Roman concrete contained aluminum tobermorite, a rare mineral that adds extra strength. Cement was used by plebeians because they were the farmers, craftsmen, laborers, and soldiers of ancient Rome.

After perfecting the formula for this concrete, they had achieved a cement that could help construct durable buildings. By laying the concrete between bricks and then covering the facade of the building with marble slabs, the Romans made well constructed buildings that gave the appearance of pure marble (Connolly).

“Roman concrete (opus caementicium), like modern concrete, is an artificial building material composed of an aggregate, a binding agent, and water. Aggregate is essentially a filler, such as gravel, chunks of stone and rubble, broken bricks, etc. Binding agent is a substance which is mixed with the aggregate wet (water added) and solidifies when it dries, or "sets." Many materials, even mud, can be a binding agent, and used to make, what we generally call, mortar. Historically lime or gypsum, mixed with rubble stones, have been used as binding agents in making a strong mortar” (Roman Concrete).

The Romans didn’t invent concrete however, it was how they mixed and what material they used in their concrete, that made it special. They used a material called pozzolana as the basis for the mixture. This chocolate colored material was essentially the ashes originating from volcanoes found near Greek settlements (Kamm, n.d.). With this new

Many people credit the Roman aqueducts still standing more than 2100 years later to cement; a powdery substance made with calcined lime and clay. It is mixed with water to form mortar or mixed with sand, gravel, and water to make concrete.

In this quotation from the author Vitruvius, he explains the process and creation of concrete, emphasizes on its durability and how it can withhold the forces of nature. This new formula had a higher silica content then before, which essentially allowed to concrete to set under water and made it stronger then before.10 Overall, the use of concrete was crucial to construction in ancient Rome because it was extremely durable compared to other materials such as brick, stone, or wood.11 Having a successful and powerful empire was very important to the Roman’s as they believed that without a strong foundation, a strong empire would not be possible.12

The use of radios and the audience increased during 1933 to 1945 which made the radio a powerful and important tool for the Nazi leaders to influence the german public.

Pozzolana was used to make mortar and concrete. Pozzolana was used to make mortar and concrete. To make concrete, pozzolana was made mortar, then the mortar was mixed with lime and strengthening materials such as chips of rock and broken brick. Concrete can be used together with bricks to make permanent structures of a building. Concrete can be used to take the place of rubble as the filling of a wall, and this developed opus incertum or a wall which was filled by concrete then faced by irregular shaped stones and bind by courses of brick.

such as chips of rock and broken bricks, that they could create a durable material, concrete. Concrete

Although Mac Donald can focus exactly on the potential customers, they lose a lot of walk-in customers who waste much money for their hamburgers. The fast food meal especially hamburger should focus on the friendship and the co-workers. The advertisement with the awesome hamburger will connect friends and co-workers better than anything. They can talk about the school, the beauty, and the work. At this time, a group about 3-4 people will pay more than one lonely man who the advertisement wants to focus

Concrete was one of Ancient Rome's greatest inventions. Roman concrete was created by dropping rubble into sticky mortar made from limestone. The Romans perfected concrete by using different sizes of rubble depending on what it was to be used for. Concrete was cheap to create and mass produce.

Punjab is undoubtedly progressing with so many exciting opportunities. It is one of the prominent states in India, contributing over 3.17 lakh crores in terms of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). There’s an IT boom happening in Mohali, the textile industry in Ludhiana is better known as the “Manchester of India” and Batala was previously called the “Iron Bird of Asia” as it was well known for pig iron castings. Apart from this, there are so many agro-based industrial and related machinery units, chemical units, power generating industries etc. and all working in tandem with each other to put Punjab on the global map.