Impact of Fuel Price Deregulation in India
Introduction
Empowered group of Ministers on Friday, 25th June 2010, took a decision to decontrol the petrol prices increasing it by 3.50 per litre & that of kerosene by Rs 3 a litre. While petrol is mainly used by the middle class for cars, kerosene is used by the poor for power.
Diesel prices rose by Rs 2 per litre and might be freed up in the future. Cooking gas prices were raised by Rs 35 a cylinder.
Govt. has indeed taken a bold step by deciding to decontrol prices of Petrol & increase the prices of Petrol, diesel and Kerosene prices. However, this move of UPA govt. is likely to have some implications. In these tough times, when, rising inflation is a continuous cause of concern,
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This too has contributed to the fiscal deficit.
Fiscal Deficit
How the fiscal deficit shall decrease in the long run can be understood with the help of following equation;
We know that
Y = C + I + G + (X-M)
Here,
Y: GDP or National Income
C: Private Consumption Expenditure
I: Private Investment Expenditure
G: Govt Expenditure on Consumption and capital formation
X: Export
M: Import
Also
G = Taxes – Subsidies – Govt. Expenditures
For India G is negative at the moment to the extent of 4.12 trillioin rupees. In other words, the revenues generated by the govt. through taxes are less than the expenditures it has incurred.
Now, since subsidies have been reduced therefore Govt saving shall increase which may then be put into some other use. However, withdrawal of subsidy would also mean more private consumption and less private savings but that is not going to have any impact on Fiscal deficit which is nothing but Govt. Income (Taxes) minus Govt. Expenditure.
Impact on retail oil market
The threat of diminishing market share looms large before the state owned firms such as Indian Oil Corp, Bharat Petroleum Corp Ltd and Hindustan Petroleum Corp Ltd, which control more than 95 per cent of about 40,000 refined fuel pumps operating in India although they will gain from market rates of gasoline and diesel. State-run retailers were anticipating a revenue loss of $24.4 billion this year, based on an
The following article is regarding what is most important to everyone around us regarding the pricing for gasoline at the pumps. This is a topic that concerns most people on this planet, why are the prices for gasoline so high and is it regarding the greed of oil producing companies to continue to keep rising the gasoline prices as high as possible. We will discuss the many reasons why these fluctuating pricing keeps occurring within our world market. We will use the retail gasoline pricing between the
Fuel Prices Increase - The recent fuel price increase sparked anger amongst motorists across the UK. A protest
Drivers realize that the price of gas is tied to the market value of crude oil, and has a direct impact to their daily commutes, errands, and vacations. However the reality is that the price of fuel has implications much grater than most consumers realize. Fuel prices affect nearly everything we purchase. For example, the price of farm commodities and food increase because farmers pay more for the fuel for their farm equipment and trucking firms pay more for fuel to get the commodities to market. These shipping “fuel surcharges” impact all goods
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There has been some talk about an “oil-extraction tax.” With this tax in place, it would force companies to fork out more of the tax instead of the consumer. If higher taxes are put in place for the producer ultimately they are not the ones paying the higher price the consumer is. Either way producers will receive revenue and in order to do that they will just raise their prices. The demand for fuel is based on necessity forcing consumers to pay outrageous prices because they need it. In addition to the tax, oil companies would have to disclose more information about their supplies and prices. Since the companies have market power, some believe with the tax in place it would reduce the price of the good.
Calypso, a nymph in Greek Mythology, is first found holding the warrior Odysseus captive from his journey home after the Trojan War. Her love for him is so strong that she cannot let him go. Homer introduces Calypso as a beautiful goddess sitting on a tropical island while playing her lyre. Continuing with the stereotypical goddess nature, Homer also reveals how strong emotions can cause goddesses to act irrationally. Meanwhile, he also shows how their beauty plays and important part in their personality and how people treat them. In the epic poem, The Odyssey, Homer depicts the character Calypso with opposing characteristics to uphold the recurring contradicting goddess personality; he shows her as lustrous yet manipulative.
The demand of gasoline has increased steadily over the last twenty years. In 1981 the U.S. averaged 6.5 million barrels of gasoline consumption per day. By comparison, in 2004 the U.S. averaged 9.2 million barrels of gasoline consumption per day. For most of this time period, gas prices stayed relatively the same. This is because the U.S. refineries increased their production to meet the demand and maintain the equilibrium price. Also during this same time period worldwide demand for crude oil increased 27%. Crude oil producers also increased their production to meet the demand keeping prices the same.
As long as the deficit is in proportion to GDP or Gross Domestic Product, the sum of a country’s goods and services, there is no significant fiscal risk to the economy. However there is a counter-argument that government deficits do matter. The argument is that if interest rates were to go up even a quarter point then that would lead to the need to take out even more debt to pay off previous interest payments. This would lead to the need to decide whether to decrease current spending on other programs such as healthcare or infrastructure to compensate for the new interest payments, or to maintain current spending and simply borrow more debt without attempting to curtail spending.Following the first would hurt economic growth and increase inequality, but following the latter would lead to the debt climbing higher at an increasingly fast rate that would risk causing massive inflation. Both sides make valid points.
Lynne Kiesling. “ Why Are Gas Prices High and Rising.” 23 Mar 2004. Knowledge Problem. 20 FEB 2013. .
It was August and I went to the pet store to get a new dog. My previous dog ran away and I never saw him again. I knew this was going to be the dog because it was my third dog now so I know exactly how to train them. I showed the nice lady which one I wanted and she got me it. It was a really little chiwowa. I named him Paco because it rhymes with taco.
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Victoria’s long reign saw a growth in literature, especially in fiction, practiced notably by Dickens, Thackeray, the Brontës, George Eliot, Trollope, James, and Hardy. Victorian is a term that is often extended beyond the queen’s reign (1837-1901) to include William IV’s reign from 1830. Historian distinguishes early, middle, and late Victorian England, corresponding to periods of growing pains, of confidence in the 1850s, and of loss of consensus after 1880, a date which offers a convenient division: Charles Dickens (1812-70), and Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) belonged to different ages. (Alexander, Michael. (2000). A history of English literature. London: Macmillan press LTD)
Walsh (May 2013): ‘The Fiscal and Welfare Impacts of Reforming Fuel Subsidies in India’ URL: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp13128.pdf