Immanuel Kant On Robotic Surgery

In today’s time of demand and supply of healthcare needs, organizations must discover or improve services that can meet the needs of patients’ whole at the same time generating revenue as well as achieving high standards for quality of care. One way organizations have done this is by investing in robotic systems to carry out a range of surgeries. In the following presentation I will discuss the topics of: Investing in the MAKO RIO Robotic System, The Utilization of the RIO Robotic System, Stakeholders

Ben-Or, S., Nifong, W., & Chitwood, W. (2013). Robotic Surgical Training. The Cancer Journal, 19(2), 120-123.

Deontology is an ethical position that examines the morality of an action based on the action’s adherence to rule or rules. Many times is described as obligation or rule based ethics (Alexander). Therefore, the only actions that are considered moral are those that are performed solely for one’s duty to the moral law rather than one’s desire. Deontology is the school of thought that Kant comes from. Immanuel Kant was a critical figure in philosophy in the modern age. His work was the foundation of the most famous form of Deontology.

The 21st century can rightfully be considered as the era of technology when the new inventions and discoveries will most likely affect all the segments of human life. At this point, some of the breakthrough inventions of our times have been in the medical field. Robotic surgery has become an almost common practice in the advanced medical world and new uses for robotic assisted surgery are everyday set in place. However, such developments also attract different interests and implications.

Robotic surgery or da Vinci Surgery has grown past the investigational arrange and is presently routinely utilized as a part of insignificantly intrusive general surgery, paediatric surgery, gynaecology, urology, cardiothoracic surgery. It is a surgery that uses robots to operate the patient. Against the frequent arguments in favor of robot surgeons, the robots are not the future version of doctors, because they have disadvantages like high outlay, detriments and underrating the doctor’s role.

7. Kant’s ethics gives us firm standards that do not depend on results; it injects a humanistic element into moral decision making and stresses the importance of acting on principle and from a sense of duty. Critics, however, worry that (a) Kant’s view of moral worth is too restrictive, (b) the categorical imperative is not a sufficient test of right and wrong, and (c) distinguishing between treating people as means and respecting them as ends in themselves may be difficult in practice.

Deontological theory was founded by a German name Immanuel Kant in the 18 century. He was a modern philosopher who emphasizes on duties, that one’s action should be motivated by their responsibilities and sense of duty to morality. Kant theory focuses on a set of fundamental moral duties and respect for the moral law. Kant believes that it is our responsibility to speak the truth, keep promises and pay back debts because it is a moral duty and if you violate such duties you are committing a morally wrong act. He also believes in reparation that one should try to undo or repair any damage that one may have cause. He focuses on gratitude, that one should always show appreciation to others for their kindness, justice to be fair,

Kant would disagree with those who do the right thing for the wrong reason. We, as a society and individuals in that society, should act in ways not because it’s easy for us or more favourable, but because its right and moral.

Immanuel Kant and Sir William David Ross agreed and disagreed about different aspects of ethical practice. Both philosophers had influential views on ethics with strong opinions and interpretations of what moral philosophy is. Part of C.S. Lewis’ Book touches on the notions raised by the philosophers.

German philosopher Kant was first to introduce the Kantian ethics; hence, the named after him. According to Professor Elizabeth Anscombe, Immanuel Kant was Unitarianism’s rival; he believed actions that are taboo should be completely prohibited at all times. For instance, murder should be prohibited. Even though nowadays a person cannot be punished if death is involved as a self defense, from Kant’s perspective this is still prohibited, although sometimes these actions bring more happiness to the big majority of people than sorrow. Kant stated that before acting, one should ask his/her self: am I acting rationally and in a way that everyone will act as I purpose to act? Is my action going to respect the moral law or just my own purpose? If the answer to those questions is a no, the action must be abandoned. Kant’s theory is an example of the deontological theory that was developed in the age of enlightenment. According to Elizabeth, these theories say that “the rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty.”( Anscombe, 2001) Kant said that morality is built based on what he called “Hypothetical Imperatives”, but rather principles called “Categorical Imperatives” he referred to it as the supreme principle of morality. (Texas A&M University, n.d.) Cavico and Mujtaba reported on their book that Kant stated that morality

Before delving into the main question, one must be familiar with the basics of Kant’s philosophy. The main component of Kantian philosophy and deontic thought is that of Practical Reason. Practical

Immanuel Kant's deonotological ethical theory assesses if actions are moral based on the person's will or intention of acting. Kant's theory can be categorized as a deonotological because "actions are not assessed to be morally

In “Alone Together: The Robotic Movement,” Sherry Turkle explains some of the negative effects that robots are having on our lives. She also explains how they can have a negative effect on our daily lives without us even noticing. I am someone who knows a great deal about technology, however I had no idea that close human-robot interaction was happening at such an inappropriate level. There are many different examples Turkle uses in the article, however, I will only talk about two. I agree with Turkle not only that there are ethical problems with human-robot interaction but also that a lot of other forms of technology might be doing more harm than good.

The medical field has revolutionized the health and well being of society. Throughout the decades, the medical field has been through sweeping changes that leave society astonished. It seems like each year that passes by, there is a new technological advancement that modernizes the medical field. Not only do these advancements modernize medicine, but they in return aid doctors, nurses, and specialists by improving their effectiveness within the field. About ten years ago, the da Vinci Surgical System was introduced to hospitals and the medical field, in general because the FDA had finally approved the system within the United States (Dunkin). The da Vinci Surgical System, also known basically as robotic surgery, introduced the use of a

The first transatlantic operation was made by surgeons in New York on patient in France. Recent telesurgey robots called remote-controlled da Vinci Robot. Surgeons who operated people using this robots claims that “Basically, it’s the same as if I were next to the patient, just using telecommunication and robotics. It doesn’t feel different.”, “It’s the same as if I were sitting in the operating room,” he says. “I have both my hands on the robot the same way I would have instruments in both hands.” Even surgeon can speak with the nurses with speakers and give them instruction and surgeon can see everything moving robotic camera which makes function of his eyes. Although that telesurgery can change the world there still many issues that must be solved or it can lead to disaster. Poor and internet connection and big distance between surgeon and patient are the most important problems. For example when surgeon Merhan Avari made his 1st telesurgical operation there was a delay of about 175 milliseconds which is imperceptible, but if something interrupts the process we don’t expect robot finish operation in autopilot mode. Another issue robots might not have programmed if something goes not as planned they might do not have function to act if blood circulation collapses, breathing stops, or there is an unforeseen reaction to drugs or chemicals, these are cases that you