ICT for the development of SMEs in Myanmar
Governments around the world have put in place policies to encourage the growth of local small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as they can help directly alleviate poverty by increasing income levels and creating jobs (ESCAP, 2012). At the same time, the global economy has become increasingly depended on the Information and communications technology (ICT) for market access and information. SMEs need to have access to and use of ICT to engage in the regional and global economic business networks. If SMEs are not accessible to ICT, many of the SMEs are set to lose out on opportunities to integrate into the global supply chain, get potential businesses and increase their productivity or efficiency.
While ICT can offer multiple benefits to SMEs, those in the Asia-Pacific region are slow to adopt ICT as they face major constraints such as high cost of equipments, limited ICT literacy, poor telecommunication infrastructure, lack of government regulations for e-commerce and ICT, and poor integration into business processes (Kotelnikov, 2007). This paper aims to assess the potential benefits and challenges of using ICT for the development of SMEs in Myanmar and how the integration of ICT strategies into existing SME policy framework will support the development of SME sector.
In 2011, Myanmar has installed a new civilian government leading to a new development path. A number of economic reforms were introduced regarding the privatisation of
On the other hand, there is some hope for Burma. In the 1990s, Burma held its first elections. The elections were declared void by the military junta and the winner of the League for Democracy was placed under house arrest (Qiu). While these elections did not change the governmental system, the Burmese people clearly want change and perhaps will pursue a regime change again in the
The SME sector is said to make a significant contribution to employment; evaluate this claim by drawing on the literature, and discuss what other contributions are made to the economy by the SME sector.
Partnerships and networks between big and small companies will contribute to the success in the future (Delaney, 2009).
ICT business of India & Bangladesh are increasing day by day. Some strategic management is also seen in these processes. According to Lessem (1987), different countries follow different rules and prepare different policies
Over the past decade, Africa and other developing regions have been in the midst of tremendous changes. Market liberalization and governmental decentralization policies have interfaced with globalization and urbanization trends to dramatically transform social, political, economic and cultural lives. In this context of rapid change, SME operations can no longer remain behind serving only to meet sustenance income for their owners. SMEs engagements have to become a dynamic and integral part of the market economy.
The SME (Small and medium enterprise) sector is one of the crucial important contributor to economic growth in terms of Gross Domestic Product(GDP) and job creation worldwide(IFC,2010). According to OECD(2006), SMEs had created more than sixty percent of the job opportunities for OECD countries. That situation for developing counties are even more obvious. There is no doubt that the development of SMEs is closely linked to national economy. The growth of SME sector, however, presents a stalled tendency, even recession situation, owing to the deficiency of accessing to
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In his book (Prasad C. S., 2004) has predicted the vision of SMEs up to 2012, regarding the employment generation and open economic development of trade from India. The author explained that due to Liberalization, Globalization and WTO a rethinking is being made to analyse the targets before the SMEs sector. The author suggested that with the inherent advantage of flexibility and innovativeness of the sector, the major constraints of economies of scale could be met by adopting the cluster development and formulation of appropriate policies. The book is based on the compilation of the various articles of the author published in different journals on the theme of WTO and SMEs, SMEs financing, SMEs policy, Employment Generation in SMEs and Export potential and cluster development among SMEs etc.
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The establishment and adoption of standard definitions for SME will facilitate better identification of SME across sectors, thus enabling more effective formulation of SME policies and implementation of SME development programs, and provision of technical and financial assistance. It will also allow better monitoring of SME performance and their contribution to the economy, but the way as officially, SME can be define as the Small and Medium Enterprise.
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