CHE 333-03 11/21/16 Formal Report HPLC Determination of Caffeine in Analgesic Powders ABSTRACT: Components containing caffeine were composed into stock solutions. These solutions were diluted to 1: 10 substance: mobile phase. A stock solution of caffeine was diluted 1:50. A sequence of diluted caffeine solutions were prepared for use as a standard (ppm): 1, 2, 4, and 10. Solutions of acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, and Goody’s Powder were developed to differentiate chromatographic peaks observed. These solutions were subjected to HPLC for examination of the observed peak area and retention time for the set of compounds. Comparison of retention time allowed for the differentiation of peaks observed. The peak area obtained was utilized to determine the relative concentration of caffeine present in Goody’s Powder based on the relationship obtained in the standard. The content of caffeine present in Goody’s Powder by percent weight was identified. INTRODUCTION: The separation of molecular particulates from any mixture may involve any combination of the relative chemical, electrostatic, and mechanical properties composing each component contained therein. Typically this mixture may exist as a liquid solution or gaseous species. The respective interactions of each particulate depend on the surrounding conditions to which the solution is subjected. A solvent is utilized to dissolute the mixture such that it may pass through a separation chamber that contains
According to the results, the columns of caffeine in figure 1, of this experiment the hypothesis for caffeine is partially accepted. There is an increasing trend in the change of pulsation rates with increasing
Pure caffeine is a white powder, like what is found in caffeine pills, and is “a plant-based alkaloid which
Caffeine is a mild stimulant that occurs naturally in at least 63 plant species. Caffeine can be found in the leaves, stems, seeds, and roots of these various plants. Caffeine is part of the methylxanthine family. It consists of a xanthine molecule with three methyl groups attached to it. Caffeine can be found in many products like sodas, tea, and coffee, but it also occurs in several other products such as prescription medications, diuretics, and pain relievers. Caffeine’s widespread use and popularity have caused many people to view the substance as an addictive drug. Thus making caffeine the most inexpensive and readily available drug known to man. Then on the other hand there are
Caffeine is a natural central nervous system stimulant. It is considered a drug that if is overly consumed can be dangerous for one’s body. Caffeine is a temporary energy booster that improves mood and alertness for most people, mainly athletes. It can be an eye-opener in the morning, could be drunk or eaten on practice brakes, and for some, it just became a habit that they cannot go through a day without a cup of coffee before exiting their doorways. Furthermore, it requires good health and stamina for athletes to perform throughout the game, particularly the one in teams,
Thesis: Caffeine can have many different effects on the body depending on the amount of consumption.
In this laboratory, freshly brewed green tea and bottled carbonated green tea were used to compare caffeine peaks. The experiment was divided into three weeks. In week one, a calibration curve and the determination of an unknown sample were the done by preparing a series of caffeine standard solutions. A calibration curve is often used to determine the concentration of a component in an unknown sample by comparing the unknown to a set of standard samples of known standard concentration (3). On week two, the one point calibration method was used to determine the caffeine concentration of a freshly brewed green tea bag diluted in water.
With the high increase of energy drinks being bought, energy drink brands have grossed $3.5 billion yearly. However; over 30% of adolescents consume energy drinks. This is why adolescents need to know the pharmacology and toxicology of caffeine. One of the major ingredients in energy drinks is caffeine, along with amino acids, B vitamins and herbal supplements (Babu et al., 2008). According to the FDA, caffeine is limited to at least 65mg per 12oz when it comes to sodas. When it comes to energy drinks, they have a bit less than that. Their caffeine concentration is slightly higher in volume compare to sodas. Concluding that there is an increase in caffeine intake. The three main ingredients to focus on when it comes to energy drinks is taurine,
As people around the world discovered caffeine in their native vegetation, various cultures concocted drinks or chewed on the plants leaves to experience its effects. 90% of the world consumes caffeine daily and in each of those billions of humans, caffeine spread itself throughout their bodies and enters their brains. So how long does caffeine stick around in the body? The half-life of caffeine, or the time it takes of half of it to be broken down, is between five and six hours on average in adults. As the caffeine gets broken down, what does it become? Pure caffeine is a powerfully bitter white powder. So if caffeine is affecting the brain in so many ways, why isnt caffeine powder being snorted alongside coke or shot alongside heroine? Caffeine
Over 150 years after it was first discovered, Caffeine, the bitter, toxic powder is the most consumed beverage in the world second only to water. Since that time many caffeinated products have reached the market, none more popular than energy drinks; Unfortunately, rules regarding this segment of the beverage industry have been lax and inadequate. Caffeine’s pharmaceutical properties have been used to treat reputed ailments, but its addictive, psychotropic properties and the lack of legislative control have led to caffeine overdoses, severe illnesses, and death warranting stricter regulation.
Caffeine is a naturally occurring stimulant drug and is commonly found in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola and other products. It is commonly ingested drugs globally and is one of the most studied. Caffeine is a white solid material at room temperature; classified as alkaloid- a nitrogen-containing basic compound that is obtained from plants and has physiologic effects in the body. The number of experimental studies reported increased urination (diuresis) after caffeine intake of 3.4-6 mg/kg/day, which was in some cases associated with increased natriuresis or the excretion of sulfate. Although 6mg/kg caffeine increased urine flows and sweat electrolyte excretion in response to exercise, there was no overall effect on hydration status (Killer,
Many of us find ourselves drinking a freshly brewed cup of coffee, an ice-cold soft drink, a hot cup of tea, or an energy drink whether it be in the morning, afternoon, or in the night but one thing is that they all share a common ingredient: Caffeine
Throughout the study, few relationships were observed between caffeine consumption and the studied variables. The average total intake of caffeine is 33.29 with the standard deviation of 50 milligrams. There is no significant difference of average consumption between the two hundred and twelve male subjects and one hundred thirty-eight female
So what is caffeine and where do you find it? According to Merriam-Webster's dictionary, it is "a bitter alkaloid C8H10N4O2 found especially in coffee, tea, and kola nuts and used medicinally as a stimulant and diuretic," (Merriam-Webster). It can be found in foods such as chocolate, cappuccino frozen yogurt and mocha cheesecake. Surprisingly enough, it can also be found in beverages such as Sunkist Orange Soda, Mountain Dew and Jolt.
Ever stay up late studying for a test or exam and wake up exhausted? Or just experienced a long day and need an extra boost? Many people believe caffeine is the answer to anyone’s drained state of being. Healthline.com explains that, “Caffeine reaches your brain quickly and acts as a central nervous system stimulant.” Caffeine is commonly referred to the most widely used drug on the planet, so the next question is which caffeine-filled product is the most efficient? It is widely debated whether energy drinks or coffee can provide the best balance of caffeine, flavor, and other ingredients, but after researching, I have come to conclude coffee is superlative in all aspects.
Caffeine is one of the most consumed substances in the world. The majority of people consume caffeine as part of their everyday lives. It helps us feel “alive” in the morning, by giving us the energy and focus that we need throughout the day. Caffeine has many benefits, some of which most people do not even know about. For a drug so commonly used, little attention is paid to the dangerous properties of caffeine products. Because caffeine is part of our everyday lives, it is important to know the benefits and dangers of consuming it.