How is gender performed in a heterosexual, homosocial female home?
“Woman is shut up in a kitchen or in a boudoir, and astonishment is expressed that her horizon is limited. Her wings are clipped, and it is found deplorable that she cannot fly. Let but the future be opened to her, and she will no longer be compelled to linger in the present.”
Simone de Beauvoir - The Second Sex.
2) Introduction 200 – 250 words
Male perspectives write women out of public space and into private space in a very distinct way, evidenced historically in Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Émile, in which biological determinism is used to legitimise the gendered construction of the family. Judith Butler’s perspective on the construction of gender through performativity has
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how then does the performance of gender become visible in the home of two heterosexual women? Argue that in the absence of a male the female identity becomes more fluid and neutral, due to the removal of a binary counterpoint. The main argument of this work can also be seen as a contemporary reworking of the idea that it is suffocating for a woman to be restricted to narrow gender roles, as outlined in A Room of One’s own (Woolf) and The Second Sex (de Beauvoir) and that removal from these historically constructed roles can be evidenced in the home. The demonstration of identity is more in tune with individual personality and less related to historical domestic roles of wife and mother.
3) Methodology. 300 – 400 words
The evidence for this qualitative research is compiled in part from empirical study, whilst also including auto-ethnographic elements. Existing research around the topic of the home focuses domestic space in terms of gender as either oppressive or a source of liberation through ownership by articulation of the self through material culture and domestic routines. However this work pays attention to heterosexual relationships in terms of the family, with homosexual relationships (family or not) given as a further site of resistance to gender norms.
There is an opportunity to address homosocial relationships as a further site of complexity in relation to gender norms – in terms of how identity is performed in the home. To discuss heterosexual
Through my experiences with people of many backgrounds, as well as my education, I have learned to separate the idea of sex and gender. I still maintain certain traditional views regarding gender, however I’ve come to the realization that the social constructs of men and women are not, and should not, be as rigid. In my opinion, I have acknowledged that there are differences between ‘men’ and ‘women’, however these differences should be used to uplift one another, rather than to tear the other gender apart. For example, a family unit in which the man decides to take on the responsibilities of the
The family has always been a unit that calls for the belonging of the kin. It calls for more than blood relations, but also a relation with ancestry, history, ethnic origins, etc. It serves as the most basic political unit that many can relate too, however, the term family carries a more diverse and complex role that is seen to evolve throughout the years. With the modernization of the human civilization leads to an evolution of thought, morality, and ideology. What was once the idealized nuclear family, is now criticized by many modern day thinkers as it invokes a heteronormative that oppresses any other forms of family and sexual relationships. This concept can be seen in the given article by Bell Hooks. In Hooks’ document, she talks about the racist oppression of sexist domination towards back women. There is a focus on black women in reference to their place in the community, the home, and the home to which they are serving to (Hooks, 1990). Her views show the heavy responsibilities of black women as it reflects their privileges and lifestyle. The second document by Michelle Owen examines the normalization of queer as seen in the Canadian Legal Landscape, assimilation debates, and works to that aim to break the heteronormative family lifestyle (2001).
In the article, “Against Gay Marriage,” author William J. Bennett believes if the government extended the status of marriage to homosexual couples, long-term social corruption would follow. His nostalgia for the heterosexual normativity paints an ugly picture of modern society. William Bennett provokes the debates on religious affairs in society, the commitment and ability of homosexual parents, and gay history in general. In the article, “A Mother’s Day Kiss-Off,” author Leslie Bennetts demonstrates the web woven within the lives of working mothers regarding their roles in domestic and corporate culture. She prioritizes her commitment to family above all other avenues of livelihood, which creates tension within her relationship. She also focuses heavily on the inequality of the sexes and how women sacrifice unnecessarily and often times unintentionally because of gender roles forced on society through culture. Both authors’ perspectives effectively appeal to the reader which add to their arguments, and detract from them by using uncited or poorly sourced information and personal experience; however, Bennetts disproves a traditional outlook on marital roles as she advocates for a changing society while Bennett exclaims the danger of homosexuals, marriage equality, and the effects of the sexual immorality in our culture.
In her essay titled “Compulsive Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence,” Adrienne Rich claims that any alternative to heterosexual outcome is discouraged by society. The essay claims that Western tradition has used the heterosexual family model as the basic social
Until quite recently, the traditional view of family that has predominated society has been comprised of gender roles. The “ideal” family in the past has consisted of a white, middle-class, heterosexual couple with about 2.5 children. In this heteronormative nuclear family, the father is the head of the household and the breadwinner of the family, while the mother is the one who cares for the children and completes household duties. Of course, most families do not fit into this mould and those who do not fit have been repeatedly marginalized due to their differences. It is no question that race, class, sexuality, ability, and many other identity markers intersect in how forms of family may vary. As explained by the concept of intersectionality, gender must be analyzed through a lens that includes various identity markers which contribute to how an individual experiences oppression. It is through the use of intersectionality, the discussion of patriarchy, and the deconstruction of “family” that bell hooks (1990) and Michelle K. Owen (2001) paint family as a site of belonging and contestation.
In Alice Munro’s feminist story, “The Shining Houses”, she portrays that in society, straying from social norms and ideologies will distort the communities’ perspective conflictingly causing marginalization of nonconformists. Specifically, domesticity and the need for masculine protection are two critical criteria she uses to convey her theme.
The heterosexual imaginary is immensely ingrained in our everyday experience that most people, including feminist sociologists, has become inclined to conceptualize and theorize based around the heteronormative. The heterosexual imaginary acts as an invisible framework at play that structures our thinking processes and in which constructs our social identity. For instance, the inquiry of a survey taker’s marital status in most social science surveys come to show that our recognized and appropriate social identity is formed around heterosexuality. That is, any deviation from this heterosexual norm would be considered abnormal and be marginalized. To a minimal extent, this focus has served the interests of women because of the lack of activism
In “House full of Love: Bringing up Children in Polyamorous Relationships”, Alessandra Iantaffi (2009) shares a personal narrative of her experience as a participant in qualitative research on queer polyamorous relationships. Iantaffi leaves the audience with an authentic experience of lives lived outside heteronormativity, in the process, trying to create space for alternative family models other than the conventional nuclear family typically dictated by Western ideology. This article provides a basic understanding of queer polyamorous relationships and what they look like as part of a family unit and in parenting. Iantaffi does not paint a fantastical vision of the lives of queer polyamory, rather
In this media clip presented by Honey Maid the focus is surrounding a family of four consisting of two parents, two children, and one dog. The two parents discuss their lives as to where and how they met which was situated in a grocery store. They also confer about the process of obtaining their two sons. Their eldest son talks about his favourite memories with his parents and demonstrates how their family is very similar to other families. Throughout the clip, the household is shown doing activities that a typical family would do for example making s’mores and going on a walk with their dog. The neat aspect of the family is that they are considered to be what is known as a queer family. This is the fact because they are male same-sex parents. Their oldest child also discloses that he calls his two fathers by different labels. His “dad” is considered to be the more serious parental figure and his “papa” is regarded as the more lighthearted and funny father figure. The clip finalizes by conversing how meaningful
On one hand, their long-stand marriage acquires perfectly almost every characteristics of a straight relationship according to social prejudice. They inheritably express sexual attraction towards other sex, adopt a child, perform conventional gender role – husband and wife, father and mother in family structure. On the other hand, it lacks an element in normal heterosexual relationship, known as sexual intercourse. The fact that Joss is a transvestite but not yet attains masculine features prevents them from ability to bear children. He still owns feminine biological trademarks such as breasts or high voice. Therefore, their relationship poses an unprecedented question to the deep-rooted assumption of heterosexual relationship. Can both sides’ perception of gender identity determine the relationship status instead of solely based on physical features? As a matter of fact, Joss’s biological features impose little influence on his relationship with Millie. They both acknowledge the status of heterosexuality, and even after Joss’s death, Millie maintains her account of the relationship. Therefore, Jackie Kay seemingly disapproves any connection between a man’s anatomical features and his romance relationship. Instead, the relationship status should depend on insiders’ perception of their own gender identity and get recognition in
In the interwar period, concepts of sexuality and marriage were beginning to transform from union practises to marriages based on the idea of love and happiness. Notably, the happiness of a marriage was dependent on how fulfilling their sexual relationship is. The eroticization of marriage, as Angus McLaren describes the budding shift in the definition of marriage, created a subversive concept that both constrains heterosexual and homosexual practising men and women in middle-class society through the creation of prescribed gender traits. Which white middle-class men and women should participate in and adhere to to avoid being seen as an ‘abnormal’ sexual deviant as opposed to the budding normalisation of heterosexual practices as biologically ‘natural’.
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