Fast charging is becoming the leading technology used to reenergize electric vehicles in 30 – 60 minutes. With the ownership of EVs doubling each year, the need to implement efficient, fast charging infrastructure is progressively increasing. There are two technical approaches to establish fast charging 1. via a high power, 3-phase AC connection from an AC charging post at the charging station to an on-board high power charger in the EV or 2. via a high power DC connection from a high power DC charger at the charging station directly to the terminals of the battery in the EV. In this section, we will review AC level 2, DC/AC level 3 charging stations to improve our knowledge and the design of our project.
A. Durastation EV Charger
General
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It supplies 22 Kw at rated working voltage 400Vac and rated current of 32 amps to the vehicle charging system. At those rates, it is capable of fully charging a 24kWh battery in 1 – 2 hours, thus making it considerably faster than 230 Vac as well as Level 1 charging – which uses 120V AC, supplying 1.9kWh at max. current of 16 amps, charging the same battery in 12-18 hours. The higher voltage transfer of AC level 2 charging shortens charging time to roughly 60%. The components used in an AC level 2 charging include:
1. The Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), a general term used for any off-board equipment used for the purpose of delivering energy from the premises wiring to the electric vehicle. The interface between the EVSE and the Utility 's premises wiring may be a direct "hard-wire" or plug and receptacle interface. EVSE includes: Vehicle Charge Cord, Charge stands (public or residential), attachment plugs, power outlets, vehicle connector, miscellaneous infrastructure. The main functions of Electric vehicle supply equipment include: Providing enclosure and method of attachment to AC mains (plug or direct connect), generation of control pilot signal, protection from ground faults, switching power to vehicle based on vehicle command, displaying the presence of AC input.
2. The EV battery located on-board the vehicle.
3. The Inlet, which is considered part of the
The chargemaster is used to list the individual charges for every element involve in providing a service; for example, surgical supplies, surgical equipment, room and board, nursing care, respiratory therapy, medical equipment. The charges for all the items in an episode of care represent the total bill (Sayles, 2013, p. 261). The chargemaster facilitates the billing process by automating the coding process for routine procedures, such as laboratory tests and radiology examination. Attached to each code is a charge associated with the service, then based on the charges, the system generates a bill and submits it to the third- party payer. The chargemaster impacts the financial health of the organization and must be updated periodically. HIM professional must be aware of the changes to the classification system code and update them in their system because old codes can cause loss of revenue to the facility (Sayles & Trawick, 2014, p. 128).
Black Hawk was Sauk American Indian leader that became prominent at a young age and managed to play an important role in shaping Native American history and U.S. history in general. He was born in 1767 in Saukenuk, a Native American village is contemporary Rock Island, Illinois. Even with the fact that he was not born a chief, his actions made it possible for individuals in his tribe to appreciate him and to support him as their leader. Black Hawk trained as a boy and learnt a great deal about waging warfare, as war was a dominant concept in his tribe's culture and children were well-acquainted with it in order for them to be able to react positively to diverse issues that arose.
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle which combines a conventional internal combustion engine(ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain). The presence
The 1930s for the United States was not one of the best times in history. October 29, 1929 was the start of the great depression. One of the hardest parts of history in the united states. The Great depression was when the stock market crashed and unemployment skyrocketed. Unemployment reached to nearly 13 to 15 million people, which is about 25 percent, up from 3.2 percent in 1929. Industrial production declined by 50 percent, international trade plunged 30 percent, and investment fell 98 percent, and almost half of the banks in the united states also have failed. People across the nation lost their farms and homes. Some traveled to other states in hopes of employment with no luck.
Fully electric cars are the future of ground transportation. The use of electricity in cars will also have a massive impact on future transportation.
In the market today, there are some factors that can pose a problem to all the market players’ including the Model S. The idea of fully electric vehicles is still a new idea in the eyes of consumers. The major concern for the market would be the location and proximity of charging stations for the vehicles. Major cities are starting to increase the amounts that are located within them, but are still not as readily
Some users are discouraged by the fact that it takes almost five hours to completely charge the car using a home electric plug, while putting gas on it would only need a few minutes of their time. Tesla needs to invest in research to offer a faster charge time so that the consumers will not see this as a disadvantage.
2. A Series hybrid platform, sometimes referred to as range-extending electric vehicles (REEV) incorporate a configuration by design to be operated mostly by the battery, but will have an ICE (Internal Combustion Engine) to recharge the battery when enduring a long drive.
Power electronics: The major functions of the power electronics are, use of control of the torque generation within the motor while driving and also the control of energy delivery back within the battery pack while charging. The owners were able to charge the vehicle through any power source. A standard, 12 amp/110 volt wall outlet was able to charge the vehicle to its full capacity.
Based on the information that was gathered about the electric the cost of maintenance exceed the money that you would save. So the background that will be given will be on the power source, maintenance and the environment. According to Big Green Purses website electric vehicles can be charged in your garage, at home or at any of the growing numbers of charging station at local
Several different technologies have been introduced to combat the wasted fuel and reduce or eliminate truck idling times. One such advancement is an electrified parking space (EPS) for the drivers. The electrified parking space allows the driver a parking spot (for rest, sleep, etc.) and an oversized power cord that allows the truck to “plug” into electric grids to power their cabins. This enables a clean energy source from the power grid, and reduces the driver’s need to
There is a serious problem facing the world right now. It is air pollution. The number one contributor to this epidemic is automobile emissions. We have all heard of the issues that are involved with air pollution including the depletion of the o-zone layer, the green house effect, and acid rain. The problem has been scoped from every imaginable angle, and now it is time to solve the problem. I propose that each of the ‘Big Three’ (Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler) car manufacturers be required to have 10% of their product line as EV’s By the year 2010. I propose this because it will be the start of cleaner air, EV advancement, and awareness of EV’s and how they work.
Electrical vehicles technology has been present for a while and is a proven technology that need only reshaping to meet the global need. Though, in the past, the technology had failed to compete with the internal combustion engine due to initial cost, the technology has done well in the past few years. Electric vehicle ability to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon and carbon dioxide and the advantages it enjoys such as low maintenance and running cost can enhance it market competitiveness. However, as experts try to make its charging system more efficient and its ability to store charge more long lasting, the global need continue to rise. The research proposal, therefore, aim at addressing an issue like government involvement can enhance improved use of EV, development of better EV batteries, energy management system and fast charging can help enhance the use of Electrical Vehicles and how electric vehicle drive train and the battery can be redesigned to make it affordable.
Electric cars are becoming very popular in today’s world and are becoming more main stream. One reason for this is the need for automobiles that have a lower or a zero carbon footprint. For the majority of the history of the automobile, the propulsion system was a gas or a diesel engine that would run off of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels is very hazardous to our world and also creates much toxic pollution. However, electric cars run off of electricity, which is a very clean and pollution free resource, depending on how the electricity was produced of course. In this paper we are going to examine the history of electric cars, look into modern electric car technology, and peer into the future of electric car technology to see if EVs might be the answer to dramatically reducing our global pollution.
The infrastructure around electric cars doesn't exist. Tesla Motors are doing their best to change this by building Superchargers, which are like gas stations but for electric vehicles only. It will be free to charge your Tesla Motors car at these stations.