How Does Boyd's Study Used To Learn Helplessness?

In Learning to Be Depressed, Martin Seligman and Steve Maier explored learned helplessness. If a persons' efforts at controlling their life events failed repeatedly, would they stop trying to exert control altogether? This was the point of focus for their experiment. Seligman and Maier conducted their experiment on dogs, where they could study the causes and effects of learned helplessness. There were 3 groups of dogs: the escape group, the np-escape group, and the no-harness control group.

Learned helplessness is a mental disorder that affects many people in our society. The term learned helplessness was first used by Martin Seligman and Steven Maier in the 1960’s. Dictionary.com defines it as “a mental condition in which one becomes unable to help oneself due to previous failed attempts at controlling one’s life.” This is not a genetic disorder that can be passed down from family members, rather a learned behavior that develops due to environmental factors. Seligman and Maier’s research demonstrates how the condition occurs.

It is intriguing how something simple as sound waves affect our emotions deeply. Igor Stravinsky’s famous ballet score “Rite of Spring” had a massacre theme with very disturbing images and surprisingly, the audience responded with a bloody riot with people even hitting Stravinsky. The second time the audience heard the music, they applauded him and to a greater surprise, the same music became Disney’s music. This transition of people’s dislike of a music to greatly appreciating piece is done by the brain. As the music repeats, the brain has the capacity to tune into to it and even adjust to that sound. When we hear unfamiliar noises that are dissonant or unpleasant, auditory cortex’s role is to differentiate the plethora of sounds and find

We all known that the theory of learned helplessness is the topic of our experimental paper. This theory was a serendipitous experimental discovery, but its origin comes from animal learning research (dogs). Martin Seligman introduced the term learned helplessness or “an unwillingness to avoid trauma after experiencing repeated failures to control unavoidable negative events.” I think the research study that will be doing in class is about measuring the ability of three individuals to rearrange words in an anagram task, where they also will provide demographic information and give feedback about their impression of the anagram exercise. There are two hypotheses in this study. First, almost all individuals doing the easy anagram will be able to spell the word AMERICAN and those doing the

After several combined events of the white rat and the loud noise, Watson and Rayner also tested if other furry animals such as a rabbit and a dog also elicited a fear response. They discovered that in fact, they did. Even a fur coat, cotton, and a Santa Claus mask caused “Little Albert” distress. This study revealed that if a child is conditioned to be afraid of an animal, this fear can shift to other animals without the distinct conditioning for each animal (Jones, 1960). This concept is known as generalization, which is the

class children are more likely to respond to sound depressed in the next room when in pairs rather than alone.

As predicted, the pink noise group would show a higher ability to unconsciously learn. I believe that the lack of voices and instruments enabled the participants’ to concentrate more, which untimely allowed the participants’ brains to produce the proper brainwaves to bend the spoons. I also predicted that the non-vocal group will produce the second highest level of unconscious learning and the vocal group would produce the lowest level of unconscious learning. The non-vocal group had the second highest average of scores due to the fact that the noise stimuli had instruments. The vocal group had the lowest average scores due to the fact that they had many layers of noise compared to the other

Martin Seligmann used dogs for his research experiment. When he studied the effects of inescapable shocks on dogs by active avoidance learning, he discovered the phenomenon of learned helplessness. The scientists had the assumption that dogs can understand a reaction before the learning process started (Mcraney, 2015). Seligmann and Maier expected conditioned dogs to react faster than so-called `naive dogs`, who could not build an association between the tone and the experience (Seligmann, 1967). Firstly, they applied classical conditioning to investigate the reactions of inescapable shocks on active avoidance learning in dogs. Accordingly, Seligmann divided the dogs into three groups. The dogs in the first group were strapped into a hammock for a while and then untied. The dogs in the second group were strapped as well, and received electroshocks,

Giving up before even trying is another way to describe learned helplessness, and stated in the lecture it is a feeling that regardless of the effort because of past negative experinces the goal is not attainable example from both lecture and book include the dog experiment in which a dog gets electrocuted in cage that has two sides both sides get electrocuted then after a while they turn off one side but dog doesn’t try to move regardless if he is on the side that is being electrocuted. The example from lecture would be the fish experiment in which a tank is divided into two sides by a piece of glass on one side is a fish on the other minnows after a whole of the fish trying to eat the minnow they remove the piece of glass but because of

Researchers Mal, Jain, & Yaday (1984) performed a study that tested two different hypothesis concerning deprivation and how it affected learned helplessness. First, deprived students would end up more susceptible to learned helplessness. Second, gender roles would be part of the results and therefore, they predicted females would have greater learned helplessness. Students were given unsolvable anagram tasks and then reported about their poor results. Immediately after they were placed in separate rooms where they would have 100 seconds to complete a 20 anagram task. At the end of the tasks, students were given surveys on an 11 point scale in order to evaluate the causes to their performances. The researchers were able to confirm both of the

Some examples of learned helplessness I have experienced in my own life was when it came to test taking. I was always overcome by anxiety on most of my tests in elementary school. I truly believed no matter how hard or long I studied and even though I knew the material, I would bomb the test. At times I felt like it was a waste of time and pointless. I started to get sick whenever I heard the word test, I would feel nauseated and my mind would race up until the test day. I convinced myself that maybe I wasn’t so smart and that my second grade teacher was right when she said school was not my thing. My parents realized what was happening and put a plan into action. They reevaluated my study skills. We learned that I did better when I studied

The study goal in this group experiment was to determine whether checking one’s phone has become classically conditioned. Precisely, do people reach for their phones when they hear a message indicator even if it is a different sound from their own. The type of observation experiment was without interview. The class was not aware they were being observed, because it was a public setting. The University of West Alabama choir was the sample study that was chosen for the experiment. Choir has a variety of different students with different majors, which made the study sample more representative of the university. The sample consisted of twenty-eight students, and the study was done over a twenty-minute time period. There were two other people conducting the experiment along with me. Each experimenter sat on the opposite side of the rooms, while I sat within the class. As a group the basic text tone for an iPhone was chosen as the message tone. Within five-minute time gaps we sent messages to each other causing our text tone to alert. Our cell phones were also, used to collect data presented in this class. The message tone made two people in the class check their phones. In a twenty-minute time period two to three people

Political theory has changed over the history of the discipline. Two of the most influential and arguably most important theorists are the Greek philosopher Plato, and the Renaissance’s Niccolo Machiavelli. These two characters represent the beginning of idealistic political thought, and a more realist and contemporary way that politics are looked at even today. The ideals of these two will be discussed and dissected, to some extent to show how unobtainable Plato’s ideal is compared to Machiavelli’s realism that is seen in today’s political atmosphere in various types of political systems seen throughout the world.

The Behavioral Learning Theory believes that behavior is learned from either the environment, the people in the individual's life, the media, or society as a whole. This theory contradicts the Biological theory, which states that criminals are "born to be bad" and that criminal behavior is inherited. The behavioral theory looks at the environment as well as society's impact on how an individual acts which might be the reason for criminal behavior. This theory blames the environment as well as the individual by saying it is a learned behavior and that it also was a choice they made. A basic assumption is that behavior is learned and modeled by individuals, groups, the media, and society as a whole.

Noise can be defined as unwanted sound1. Sounds which we deem as unwanted or unnecessary are noise. Our environment is beset by noise, which is pervasive, intrusive and ubiquitous as well as unhealthy. The effects of noise, a pollutant and its effects on health have been neglected despite being aware of the ability to precisely measure or calculate the exposure from the peak levels2. The effects of noise pollution were first recognized in the occupational settings. In our environment, there are different sources of noise, but they generally depend on the activity performed, location and the time of the day3. In everyday life noise is pervasive, that can cause both auditory and non-auditory effects on the health. Noise is an audible acoustic phenomenon that may or may not adversely affect the people. The effects of noise can be physiologically as well as psychologically be appreciated.