How Did Stanley Falkow Contribute To The Spread Of Bacterial Pathogens?

Additionally, I have pushed myself to take the most rigorous courses that my high school offers, not only in attempt to prepare myself for my future, but also for my love of learning. In particular, I decided to take an independent study this year. I wished to utilize this opportunity as my first step into what I wanted to pursue in the next chapter of my life. Thus, I planned to venture into both viruses and bacteria, as well as other pathogens such as

Alfred Day Hershey was born on 4th of December 1908, in Owosso, Michigan. Robert Day Hershey and Alma Wilbur Hershey were his biological parents. While his father worked for an auto manufacturer, Alfred attended public schools in Owosso and nearby Lansing. He studied Bachelor of Science in Bacteriology from Michigan State College in 1930 and he earned his Ph.D. in chemistry from the same school in 1934. Hershey's interest in bacteriology and the biochemistry of life was clearly noticeable. His doctoral dissertation was focused on the chemistry of Brucella, the bacteria responsible for brucellosis, also known as undulant fever. Undulant fever is transmitted to humans from cattle and causes recurrent fevers and joint pain. After receiving his Ph.D., Hershey took a position as a research assistant in the Department of Bacteriology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. There he worked with Jacques Jacob Bronfenbrenner, one of the pioneers in bacteriophage research in the United States.

Walter Reed was a U.S Army pathologist and bacteriologist. He contributed by helping to experiment that proved yellow fever was spread by a mosquito bite than by physical contact. He transferred to a medical faculty where he finished his medical course and graduated as a doctor of medicine at the age of 17.Walter Reed was a U.S Army pathologist and bacteriologist. He contributed by helping to experiment that proved yellow fever was spread by a mosquito bite than by physical contact. He transferred to a medical faculty where he finished his medical course and graduated as a doctor of medicine at the age of

Later, in 1909, he worked in research at Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts. Just furthered his education by obtaining a Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Chicago, where he studied experimental embryology and graduated magna cum laude.

Then later in life he built an institute. In his early life he did many things and had a lot of great accomplishments. He was the eldest son of Orthodox Jewish-Polish immigrants and was born in East Harlem, New York, on October 28, 1914. Then after a while he graduated with a bachelor’s degree in science in 1933, at the age of nineteen, and went on to New York University’s School of Medicine.

Our research on recombinant DNA mainly consisted of two experiments: Transformation and gel electrophoresis. In our first experiment, four microfuge tubes were given to us: pKAN DNA, pAMP DNA, unknown DNA, and a TE buffer without DNA. The two positive controls, pKAN and pAMP, consisted of an antibiotic resistance gene respectively to their name. The pKAN plasmid contained the gene resistance for kanamycin while pAMP carried the gene resistance for ampicillin. The negative control, TE, only contained buffer without DNA. The fourth tube was our unknown plasmid, which was either pKAN or pAMP; and by way of artificial transformation, we would be able to initiate the identification of our unknown plasmid.

It was also conducted to learn about the process of moving genes from one organism to another with the help of a plasmid. The control group was the -pGlo with LB and ampicillin antibiotic, and the -pGlo with LB. The experimental group was the +pGlo with LB and ampicillin antibiotic, and the +pGlo with LB, ampicillin antibiotic, and arabinose. The dependent variable was the bacteria. It had the ability to change. The independent variable is the ampicillin antibiotic and pGlo. They stand alone and are not changed by other factors. The organism used was the bacteria GIVE TYPE OF BAC. and HOW WILL THE BACTERIA BE

One of the prominent men behind the germ theory was Robert Koch, a German physician, who laid the foundation for the theory. Koch experimented on animals because he noticed what most people saw as a mystery. He used a microscope to look at blood that belonged to cows that died of anthrax. Koch discovered that there were tiny bacteria shaped like a rod and supposed that it was a disease called anthrax. Out of curiosity, he transported the bacteria to mice, which also acquired anthrax. His observation of the transportation of anthrax led Koch to create the four standards that determines that a certain germ can cause a specific disease. Koch’s criterion famously known as Koch’s Postulates and are still commonly used. His third postulate is, “the disease must be reproduced when a pure culture is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible host.” In other words, a disease is able to multiply when a clean group of germs introduces itself to a vulnerable animal to house the germs. Robert Koch launched the germ theory for other great minds to enhance by discovering a disease and creating a set of principles.

After receiving his Bachelor of Science degree he worked for the U.S. Forestry Service at stations in Massachusetts. From 1942-1944 he was a microbiologist he was in charge of research on industrial and agricultural bactericides. In 1944 he accepted an appointment for the Cooperative Wheat Research and Production Program in Mexico. Which was

Oswald and a group of his colleagues helped discovered through various experiments that Pneumococcus bacteria causes pneumonia. Pneumococcus can grow and live on the body, however, it could also grow in solids or liquids. In the year of 1928, Fred Griffith made a publication on the bacteria Pneumococcus, with this it was discovered to stains S and R in which S was smooth and R was rough, the reason for this was because the S had a layer of sugar unlike the R. It also turned out to be when the mice was injected with the S it would die, and when injected with the R it would live (was not infested with pneumonia). He also predicted that a variety of strains could derived from one sources, so he did more experiments on the mice. Griffith heated

This entire book gives as much information as possible without the reader needing a medical degree. It gave an in depth look at the formation and the ability of bacteria to live within the body and outside the body and how the body actually collects the bacteria. From attaining bacteria from the

Irving Millman, a renowned American virologist, immunologist and microbiologist, was born on May 23, 1923 and died on April 17, 2012. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in biology in from the City College of New York, an M.S. in virology in 1951 from the University of Kentucky, and in 1954 he went on to earn his Ph.D. from the Northwestern University Medical School in microbiology (Sparks 2016). At the Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, Millman was part of the team of scientists led by Baruch Blumberg, where he played a crucial role in developing the Hepatitis B vaccine (Cook 2012).

Bacterial transformation is the process of moving genes from a living thing to another with the help of a plasmid.The plasmid is able to help replicate the chromosomes by themselves; laboratories use these to aid in gene multiplication. Bacterial transformation is relevant in everyday lives due to the fact that almost all plasmids carry a bacterial origin of replication and an antibiotic resistance gene(“Addgene: Protocol - How to Do a Bacterial

After his work in fermentation, he began studying diseases. He was able to isolate the germs of diseases and create vaccines. To prove his discoveries, he did a public experiment

Answer #1: Koch was the major mind in establishing that microorganisms cause a specific disease. He was able to prove that certain bacteria was present in the blood of the infected person or animal, but the presence of the bacteria could have been caused by the disease. Koch proved that certain infectious diseases are caused by certain microorganisms that can be isolated and cultures onto a media. The requirements Koch established are that the same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease, the