Hiv And The First Human Immunodeficiency Virus

As stated by Dr. N.A.S, finding a vaccine has been incredibly challenging due to the astonishing genetic diversity of the virus. While it is true that the genome of two HIV infected individuals can differ by up to 30%,6 it is not the integrase enzyme that causes this huge difference in the genomes as written by Dr. N.A.S. Reverse transcriptase is the error prone enzyme that makes multiple mistakes while copying RNA into DNA, which results in ~1 mutation in every new virus.6 The advantage of mutations for HIV is that these new changes are not

As have been described above, HIV can have a potential effect on immunological cells, which are important to protect the body from additional infections such as Tuberculosis (TB), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other viral or bacterial infections. An effective treatment is needed to reconstruct what HIV has damaged. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a common treatment to stop the viral replication and decrease the disease progression, which may lead to a vast decline of the morbidity and mortality. The standard treatment involves a combination of at least three drugs; often known as a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) where the most common types are Nucleoside reverse transcriptase

function that selectively infects helper T cells” (545). My goal in this paper is to show the advances

Even though there is a rapid advancement in medical inventions, still the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the most challenging virus that will drag the human lives to the deadly disease acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It spreads its wings all over. HIV cannot be cured, but it can be prevented. It has become the greatest life threatening disease and affects unbelievably high percent of human beings. Nowadays, besides other deadly diseases, HIV/AIDS becomes more complex and crucial health issue that challenges several medical inventions. Several contributors cause this deadly virus and disease such as promiscuity, homosexuality, female circumcision, sugar daddies, sexual crime, rape, prostitution, cultural

Unlike the plague, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus is species specific and has puzzled many scientist about the possibility of overcoming its harsh implications. This mean that HIV can be found only within a particular species and, in this case, this virus tends to attack the human race. Many blame that the very existence of AIDS emerged from gay people or relations with animals, but it’s believed that transmission of this virus originated from a close derivative of HIV, SIV. SIV in known as Simian Immunodeficiency Virus which the Monkey virus that is equivalent to HIV. It has been known that the development of AIDS started with the transmission of SIV to humans via being bitten by a primates or the consumption of a primate who is infected

Advertisement objective: To against AIDS and to prevent HIV virus spread out, since no vaccine to cure AIDS’s infection.

In 1985, over 10,000 cases of AIDS were reported worldwide (White and Fenner 1986). Just over a decade later, in 1998, the Global AIDS Policy Coalition estimated that 30.6 million people were infected with HIV worldwide. It has also been projected that by the year 2000, between 40 and 70 million adults will be infected with HIV (New Generation Vaccines 1997). Over 90% of all HIV-1 infected individuals live in developing nations: 50% in Southeast Asia and 40% in sub-Saharan Africa. However, even with all of these alarming statistics and projections, there is hope for the future of humanity. This hope is a potential anti-AIDS vaccine. An anti-AIDS vaccine is the best bet. Among other factors, the large costs associated with therapeutic

Further, if we produce more effective drugs rather than placebo drugs in certain cases, the infected individuals could effectively respond to them in a positive way. Using the placebo effect has many disadvantages: deception and expensive payments. Some of these controlled medications could revert and harm the patient. One major way of improving the prevention of AIDS is effective vaccinations. Vaccines can potentially be the solution to destroy HIV; however, vaccines can become so obsolete since the virus contains foreign antigens. Thus, these different antigens make it difficult for the antibodies to directly bind to them. As for infected pregnant women, I believe that an advanced vaccine could be immediately inserted in the placenta to reduce the likeliness of the infant receiving the infection from blood transfusion. Scientists should create specific antibodies that could bind to this “smart” virus. They should also improve the consistency of these vaccines so that they could be active constantly. Once bonded, the virus will then be ineffective in destroying the immune

The most fundamental question to ask about an HIV vaccine is: 'What evidence exists that protection against disease after exposure to HIV is possible?' The best evidence for successful protection against a virulent primate lentivirus such as HIV is that monkeys are almost always protected against challenge with pathogenic SiVmac after vaccination with an attenuated (ne/-deleted) SIVmac

Vaccination has gained great recognition as the most effective way of controlling and managing several fatal health conditions. Thanks to Edward Jenner’s successful attempt on small pox, vaccines have been designed to help protect the human body against many diseases that would have otherwise caused massive deaths across the world (Macaulay, 2016). Think of what would have happened if all of these diseases were not prevented, and had to attack someone so that they are dealt with such as the case of the AIDS disease. It is very evident that once a disease has found its way into the human body, it acts as a trigger to several other issues that affect the various aspects of human life. Metzl and Hansen (2014) mention that diseases are normally in a complex relationship with every aspect of human life, and preventing them is very necessary. This is where vaccination comes handy. The development of HIV/AIDS vaccine, therefore, would be a great step in establishing significant resolutions to the current

The goal of this experiment is to prevent HIV through vaccination using ex vivo gene therapy.

In the 1980s, a mysterious disease began to take the lives of Americans. With the cause unknown, a fear grew among Americans. An unusually high rate of people was becoming sick with strange and rare diseases. When experimental treatments failed to work, people died. This mysterious disease is what we now know as HIV–Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In the past thirty-five years, the HIV has taken many turns in history. Although we do not hear about HIV and AIDS now, it is still a prevalent issue in the United States and in the world.

Currently, there are no vaccines and no cures for HIV or AIDS, although scientists are researching and finding new drugs and treatments. So far, scientists have discovered a variety of drugs and medication that can be used to control and slow the virus and the progression of the disease. There are some drugs which interfere with the virus ability to make copies of itself by disabling a protein it needs, like Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. If someone is diagnosed with HIV, it is important to start with treatments as soon as possible.

The HIV virus is a complex mix of various epidemics within several countries and regions of the world. It is unquestionably the most crucial public-health crisis of our time. Research has extended our understanding of how the virus reproduces, controls, and hides in a contaminated person. Even though our perception of pathogenesis and transmission of the virus has become more refined and prevention options have lengthened, a cure or protective vaccine remains intangible. In 1981, The New York Times published a detailed article about an outbreak of an unusual form of cancer among gay men in New York and California. It was primarily referred to as the “gay cancer”, but medically known as Kaposi Sarcoma. Around the same time, emergency

There is not cure for HIV but that does not mean that it is a death sentence. The world of healthcare and rapidly evolving and so is the advancements and research in treatments. Through these advancing treatments and research many people are living longer and healthier lives. There are two possible cures that are now being discussed among researchers, a functional cure and sterilising cure (Avert, 2017). “A functional cure would suppress the amount of HIV virus in the body to such low levels if can’t be detected or make you ill-but it would still be present” (Avert, 2017). This cure would be similar to the antiretroviral treatment that is currently being used to suppress the virus with the only difference being that the functional cure does not require on-going treatment (Avert, 2017). In sterilising the HIV virus will be eradicated from the body even hidden reservoirs with the first known successful case being Timothy Brown, the Berlin Patient (Avert, 2017). Brown was a leukemia patient that received a bone marrow transplant from a donor that had a natural resistance to the HIV virus (Avert, 2017). This transplant resulted in him being cured from HIV, which has not been fully understood. Brown’s case gives researchers hope and the blueprint that is needed in finding the cure.