Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease and is the second most common cause of cancer among women. HPV is group of viruses that causes warts on mucosal surfaces like the cervix, rectum, anus, penis, vulva, and mouth or throat. This condition is associated with ovarian cancer, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer.
According to CDC, “the HPV vaccine is recommended for preteen boys and girls at age 11 or 12 so they are protected before ever being exposed to the virus” (CDC, n.d). The vaccine is given in 3 dose series over a 6 months period. Girls and women ages 13 to 26 who have not vaccinated in past should get the 3 dose series as well as boys and men ages 13 to 21. It is essential to complete all the series to get the
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“Infection can be easily spread through direct sexual contact, from the skin and mucous membranes of infected people to the skin and mucous membranes of their partners” (NCI, 2015).
Some potential vaccine hesitancy includes parents’ beliefs and safety concerns over the vaccine. They are worried about the side effects of the vaccine. Parents should be given appropriate levels of HPV vaccine information and in-depth discussion before vaccination. Another factor that may influence their decision making is the cost of the vaccine. Low income people are less likely to immunize or complete the vaccine series, because they cannot afford to undergo a routine medical check-up and they cannot afford the cost of the 3 series dose vaccine.
Education is the key to preventing HPV infections. It is essential to educate the people to get vaccinated and to get their recommended screenings to reduce their risk of cancers caused by HPV infection. Vaccination programs are the most cost-effective public health intervention to prevent HPV infections. Although condoms do not fully protect them from acquiring the HPV infections, the use of condoms can reduce their risk and should be made available. Lastly, the best way to prevent HPV infections is by educating them to avoid sexual intercourse and any skin to skin
They can appear on the vulva, in or around the vagina or anus, on the
The Crucible introduces Reverend Hale as a man who believes he knows right from wrong, but after taking part in the witch trials, he leaves bewildered, questioning his morals. Furthermore, Kingston’s The Woman Warrior reveals the hardships that immigrants must face while acclimating to American culture, a dilemma that Kingston wrestles with throughout the stories. In the memoir, Brave Orchid, Kingston’s mother, remains fixed on not conforming to American values. Although Reverend Hale and Brave Orchid’s personalities diverge in their respective works, both characters react differently to major events in their lives. Though, Reverend Hale emerges as a progressive character, whereas Brave Orchid remains static. Reverend Hale from Miller’s The Crucible decides to accept the reality of the world around him and adapt while Brave Orchid from Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior remains unvaried despite her rapidly changing environment.
In addition, the HPV vaccine only protects for four to five years. Making the vaccine required for eleven year
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is very common throughout the United States and worldwide (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). There are over 100 different forms of the virus with 13 of these types being capable of causing cancer (WHO, 2016). HPV can lead to the development of serious health problems. Theses health problems are especially an issue for adolescent women due to the highly increasing STD rates among this age group (Kostas-Polston, Johnson-Mallard & Berman, 2012). There is a vaccine for many of the common types of HPV, however, many parents are refusing to vaccinate their daughters for various reasons. With the rising cases of STDs, less birth
Current evidence-based practice involves providing vaccinations as they protect the child for a lifetime (Joanna Briggs Foundation, 2009). Secondary prevention involves early screening for cervical cancer related to the HPV infection. Early screening for cervical cancer is crucial as cervical with women over the age of 30 according to evidence-based practice as the rates of HPV are higher (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2011). Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing the effects of HPV. For example, mental health programs assist the individual with coping with the diagnosis of HPV. These levels of prevention are crucial for assisting those with the diagnosis of HPV and the community health nurse has an important role in educating these individuals to prevent further health
What is the Human Papillomavirus? Commonly known as HPV, it is an infection that spreads through sexual contact. There are over one hundred different types of HPV; several types cause genital warts, while other high risk strands can lead to cancer of the cervix, anus, vagina, and penis. Because HPV is often asymptomatic, many people are unaware of their infection status, and thus, their potential for transmitting the virus to a sexual partner. The significance of the Human Papillomavirus is that fifty percent of Americans who are sexually active will contract it within their lives, and at any given point there are twenty million Americans already infected with it (“By the numbers: HPV Vaccine”).
HPV vaccinations have been involved in some heated debates involving the general public and the government for some time now; whether the vaccine is worth being administered to young girls is the underlying question and if so at what cost. In the articles “HPV Vaccine Texas Tyranny” and “The HPV Debate” both authors Mike Adams and Arthur Allen provide enlightening information on why the HPV vaccinations should not be mandated through legislation, Adams conveys his bias and explains how the government is over stepping its boundaries when it comes to the publics’ health while Allen on the other hand, is more opt to present analytical data on previous cases similar to the one he is currently facing.
Instead, if people saw how serious this virus is, then they may be able to more clearly see how beneficial the vaccinations are. HPV is so common and prevalent in today’s society that it will infect 75% – 80% of both males and females throughout their lifetime. Those infected with specific
While personal choice concerns to those who oppose the HPV vaccine, promiscuity concerns them the most. Many parents, women support groups, and religious leaders worry that mandating the vaccine will give teenagers one less reason to abstain from sexual activities. The
Among the many arguments for mandatory HPV vaccination, the foremost is that it is an important medical achievement and a major public health milestone. This vaccine has proven to be one-hundred percent effective in preventing the 4 HPV strains that are responsible for seventy percent of cervical cancers and ninety percent of genital warts. In addition, no serious side effects have been identified. Because this vaccine is a preventive measure, administration before onset of sexual activity is ideal; however, even females who have been sexually active can still benefit from this vaccination (Perkins et al., 2010). Nationally and internationally, the HPV vaccine will significantly reduce disease burden by reducing monetary and psychological costs of invasive procedures that remove precancerous and cancerous lesions. By combining vaccination with routine Pap smear screening, these public health efforts have the remarkable opportunity to eradicate cervical cancer (Ramet et al., 2011).
There are many ethical and legal issues that count against a mandatory HPV vaccination for all girls aged 11-12 years old. First, the long-term safety and effectiveness of the vaccination is unknown (Javitt et al., 2008). Clinical trials conducted on the HPV vaccine concluded no short-term adverse effects, but as more girls and young women begin to get the vaccine some adverse effects may appear (Javitt et al., 2008). The extent immunity of the HPV vaccine is also unclear. Studies have shown the vaccine to be present in 3-4 year follow-ups, but the long-term effectiveness has not been studied (Javitt et al., 2008). Furthermore, HPV has a long incubation period, which would only affect a small amount of individuals many years after they finish school (Stewart, 2008).
The beauty of nature is remarkable. I cherish every moment I am outside admiring the landscape surrounding me. I also enjoy capturing the beauty of nature to share with my friends and family. For my 17th birthday, I received a camera and I was beyond excited to wander the paths throughout my neighborhood; I immediately began to take photos and capture the elegance of nature. Although it is only a hobby and I do not plan on pursuing a career as a professional photographer, I still relish taking photos for my own pleasure and for other people. For example, when my sister became engaged with her boyfriend of eleven years, she suggested that I take her engagement photos; I was shocked and honored. I do not believe that my photography skills are
Chaucer is one of the most well known and most influential writers of all time. Considered the King of the English Language, Chaucer had some wild stories that will make a person think. The first to really introduce a story within a story, Chaucer's writings had a wide verity of structure. The Canterbury tails, are an excellent example of strong structure. You will be able to notice the structure of a story within a story and extreme irony, within the three characters, the Preacher, the Nun, and the Night.
The HPV vaccine reception has been similar to that of the hepatitis vaccine in that both are seen as an attack on morality, and are considered by some as a license for promiscuity. In the book Vaccine Allen quotes, ‘ “ If a 10- or 12-year-old is given a vaccine to protect against a sexually transmitted disease, then it’s implied they’d be engaging in risky sexual behavior,” said Pia de Solenni, director of “life and women’s issues” for the Family Research Council’ (433). The fact that HPV lives in the sexual organs and is spread by sexual intercourse or intravenous drug use has caused many parents to come to the belief that their children are not at risk. Some parents go so far as to suggest that if
In an online survey, the survey administrator and his team asked over fifteen hundred parents of 11-17 year old children whether they agreed that laws requiring HPV vaccination for sixth grade school entry were “a good idea” about half of the parent believed the HPV vaccine, was at least as important as the Tdap and Meningococcal vaccines, the other two recommended for adolescent, only forty percent believed the vaccine prevented cervical cancer. Nearly a quarter of the parents inaccurately believed the vaccine might cause long term health problems and one