Gut Microbiomes

In the article, "The Ultimate Social Network," Jennifer Ackerman presented data to challenge the first thoughts that people are independent, depending just on the human body to control interior capacities. She stated that the adjustments in the human microbiome are contributing to higher rates of obesity and autoimmune system disorders, prompting it to address regardless of whether we are in charge of our own body.

The gut microbiome supplies the human host with metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded by its own genome (Khan et al., 2014). Because host metabolism is effectively regulated by the amalgamation of host and microbial genes (Khan et al., 2014), we should expect the gut microbiota to play a fundamental role in the health of its host. A compendium of research evidence demonstrates a compelling link between obesity and gut microbial composition. The connection between obesity and the gut microbiota is illustrated in the effects of diet on microbial diversity, the association of host genotype with microbial plasticity, the correlation of microbial diversity and metabolic disease, and the modulation of host metabolism by gut

Apart from environmental factors, the microbiome composition also relies on the diet of the hosts. Studies have shown that host lineages that share a similar gut physiology and diet tend to have the same gut microbiome [1]. These studies were initially performed on apes to study their phylogeny. However, due to the complexity and the diversity of the mammalian gut microbes, the studies were more focused on insects like flies, beetles and ants [1].

Gut microbiota changes in our body from birth to old age. The fetal intestinal tract is sterile until birth, after which the newborn tract begins to be colonized. Infants are exposed to a great variety of microorganisms from different environments during and immediately after birth, either in their encounter with their maternal vagina or by the cutaneous microorganisms depending on the type of delivery. Infants have lower intestinal bacteria counters with less diversity in the early weeks of life. Different method of feeding influences the microbiota. Until 2-3 years old, microbiota become similar to the adult microbiota. After that, it becomes stable until old age. Genetic factors such as obesity influence the development of gut microbiota.

In 2007, the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) was begun by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to obtain a better comprehension of the sophisticated biological reactions between the microbiome and individuals. By utilizing of revolutionary culture-independent technology, the specialists in the HMP plan to accomplish two key points: to test the microbial communities found at many various locations in the human body and to examine the function of these microbes in mankind 's health and diseases (Scher and Abramson, 2011). It has become obvious that bacteria groups vary not only among people but also within the human being, upon on the body site sampled and the sampling time (Pineda et al. 2011; Huttenhower C, 2012). In this review, I will review the role of the microbiome in the development and progression of

Overweight and obesity are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that damages the health of the individual. Nowadays, obesity is becoming widespread around the world, with complications such as diabetes and an increased risk of heart disease. Currently, it has been shown that in addition to genetic factors, the incidence of obesity is affected by environmental factors such as gut microbiota interactions, and diet through changes in gut microbiota, intestinal permeability and LPS levels.

The typical human has 100 trillion microorganisms living in his or her gut. Recent studies have shown that these microbes, primarily bacteria, play a vital role in promoting and protecting overall health. They can help your body stave off infections, expedite natural toxin removal processes and facilitate the breakdown of complex carbohydrates.

The study intended to look at the gut microbiome that is naturally present within the gut. The research team of the Louisiana State University designed an experiment with lab rats to predict how the manipulation of the gut microbiome with a high fat diet would affect their brain

Nelly and Edgar nurse Catherine for two months. They believe she had a brain fever. In those two months, all of Edgar's attention was on Catherine, “Day and night he was watching, and patiently enduring all the annoyances… hour after hour he would sit beside her, tracing the gradual return of bodily health, and flattering his too sanguine hopes with the illusion that her mind would settle back into its right balance also, and she would soon be entirely her former self,” (p.141). Edgar is doing this because he wants Catherine to return to her normal self once this is all said and done. Little did they know, Catherine is pregnant. Meanwhile, Isabella senda and apology letter to Edgar that he ignores, so she writes to Nelly instead. She tells

The human gut microbiota has become the subject of researches in recent years and our knowledge of the resident species and their potential functional capacity is rapidly growing. Our gut harbors a complex community of over 100 trillion microbial cells. Therefore, our gut microbiota evolves with us and plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. This has clear effects on physiologic, immunologic, and metabolic processes in human health, aberrations in the gut microbiome and intestinal homeostasis have the capacity for multisystem effects. Changes in microbial composition are implicated in the increasing for a broad range of inflammatory diseases, such as allergic disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and associated

“He leaped upon the rail and balanced himself there, to get greater elevation; his pipe, striking a rope, was knocked from his mouth. He lunged for it; a short, hoarse cry came from his lips as he realized he had reached too far and had lost

The author’s experience as the director of Human Microbe Program, disease specialist, and public health professional at CDC able him to compare and contrast the transformations of the microbes as times change.

Microbiota can be defined as a collection or a community of microbes. There are times where the term ‘ microbiome’ is used to address all microbes in a community or to refer to the full collection of genes of all the microbes in a community. Now a days, the communities of microbes are supported in particular parts of human

To excel at his craft, a writer must be in control of the words he chooses, and then use those words in ways that will both appeal to the reader and deliver his message. Linguistic elements, such as diction and dialogue, work together to define the author’s style. Diction requires a search for the perfect word, and is a meticulous practice that cannot be underestimated; it involves “choosing the right words for calculated effects [which] is at the heart of writing. Accuracy of description or exposition and force of persuasion depend absolutely on the words in which ideas, attitudes, perspectives, and feelings are conveyed” (Curzan and Adams 292). One way an author can make use of his carefully chosen words is through dialogue,

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