Overriding force
A strike of lightning, a natural disaster, or even a coconut falling on your head and knocking you dead all seem like pretty unordinary and uncommon ways to die. That being said, such things still happen and no one can control that fact. The authors of Beowulf and Grendel would say that the occurrences were destined to happen and predetermined by fate. Beowulf is an epic poem that is dated at around the 8th century. The poem tells the story of Beowulf and his journey to save the people of the land of the Danes from a horrible monster named Grendel that has been terrorizing them. The novella Grendel by John Gardner depicts the same values in a stronger fashion by letting readers see through the eyes of Grendel. Believers in
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This method gives readers an even clearer idea of how fate overpowers free will than does Beowulf. Grendel is the monster that is introduced in the poem Beowulf. In the poem he is feared by the Danes and killed by the hero Beowulf, but this novella allows the reader to see how Grendel became a “monster”. Grendel is supposedly a cursed descendent of Cain, “he was spawned in that slime/Of Cain, murderous creatures banished/ By God, punished forever for the crime/ Of Abel's death."(Gardner 26). Cain was the first murderer in the bible whose descendants were cursed by God as punishment. Early in Grendel’s life he believes that his actions alone control his life, this means that Grendel originally believes in the power of free will. A large amount of characters in the story negatively affect Grendel’s beliefs by speaking to him basically of how pointless life is and how free will is nothing more than an idea created by human beings to give their lives meaning. The negative ideas that these characters expressed toward Grendel did not seem to do much to affect his outlook until he was introduced to the dragon. Grendel knew as soon as he began speaking to the dragon that the dragon was of higher intelligence than he and the humans, and absorbed every word that it said to him. The dragon tells Grendel that it can see the …show more content…
Rather, human beings may be able to make their own decisions to an extent, but this power is greatly overshadowed by the force of the higher power or fate. During the time periods portrayed by each of these pieces of literature, Christianity was somewhat new and pagan religions were dominant. Even so, these two religions both believed in fate. Pagan’s carried the mindset of fatalism. Fatalism was a mindset that was very popular during the time period. The philosophy behind fatalism was that all the events, actions, or incidents that make up a person’s life are determined by fate. Christians, on the other hand, had a belief known at Christian providence. Christian providence is a belief in which God directs all things toward a worthy purpose. God controls what happens in the universe in the same way that fate
Beowulf and Grendel are images of the Christian beliefs of good versus evil. Grendel is acknowledged as a descendant of Cain, whom Satan tricks into sinning and committing the first murder (Block, 2008). He is the image of a man fallen from grace through sin. Like Satan who is jealous of the happiness and joy that Adam and Eve have in the Garden of Eden, Grendel is jealous of the happiness and joy in Heorot. Grendel, like Satan, is an enemy of God and is one of the greatest challenges to Beowulf. Grendel lives in an underworld as Satan lives in hell. Grendel is referred to in the poem as the guardian of sins (Norton, 2009). Grendel, the descendant of Cain, is a very hateful creature. He stalks the people and terrorizes them because he is jealous of their joy. Grendel’s stalking of the Dane’s is similar to the devil when he was cast out of heaven and the joys that were there. More parallels are evident in Beowulf's preparation and descent into the mere where Grendel's mother lives. While Beowulf is preparing to enter the water, he is pondering the evils that inhabit the pond. He knows he is faced with a greater challenge than before. He prepared as though he were preparing for death (Norton, 2009). Christ knew before his death that he was facing a great challenge, and he forgave his enemies. Beowulf's descent into the mere is similar to a baptismal rite. Going into the water purifies him, giving him the upper hand over his enemy,
The Dragon even “helps” Grendel by making him invulnerable to any of humans’ weapons. After their discussion, Grendel thinks about what the Dragon said regarding Grendel scaring humans for no reason. He is sitting at the edge of the forest, listening to the Shaper’s songs, which enrage him with how fictitious they are, when all of a sudden, a twig snaps behind Grendel, and a guard attacks him. Grendel tries to run, but something was in his way, so he fell. The guard tries to stab Grendel, but the sword does nothing. Soon, Grendel was surrounded by multiple guards, who were all throwing weapons at Grendel, trying to hurt him, but to no avail. Grendel picked up the guard who had first attacked him and held him upside down. Then, “as if casually, in plain sight of them all, I bit his head off, crunched through the helmet and skull with my teeth and, holding the jerking, blood-slippery body in two hands, sucked the blood that sprayed like a hot, thick geyser from his neck. It got all over me. Women fainted, men backed toward the hall. I fled with the body to the woods, heart churning- boiling like a flooded ditch- with glee” (Gardner 79). This gruesome scene is Grendel’s point of no return. He decides to become the monster that the humans think he is, thus, he murders the guard in front of everyone. This action is also directly linked to the Dragon and his influence on Grendel. The Dragon was the one who pushed Grendel to become the bad guy to the
There is repeated emphasis on the “Almighty Father,” and the “Heavenly Shepherd,” which greatly contrasts with the epithets assigned to poor Grendel. When anything good happens, it is attributed to the divine, and proper thanks must be given, but not in the form of a sacrifice as we saw in earlier “heathen” examples.
There is a stage in everyone’s life where they feel they are not accepted by someone or something. Whether it is because of one’s age, appearance, or emotional and mental stability, a sense of disproval and isolation appears to be glaring through the eyes of society. Throughout Grendel’s life, he is shunned from humanity for he was viewed as something of destruction and harm. However, not one person ever took the time out to see Grendel’s true personality or really discover what he was all about. When facing the realities of the cruel world, Grendel found himself severely struggling with some psychological deficiencies. After performing multiple psychoanalysis tests on Grendel’s behavior, his
In the poem of Beowulf by Seamus Heaney Grendel portray this. To start off what could count as the knowledge of Grendel? That he is from “Cain’s clan” and that the “creator had outlawed and condemned as outcast[?]” (106-107). That is more of the readers’ knowledge,
In both works, Beowulf and Grendel, Grendel himself is generally given the same connotations. He is given kennings, called names, referred to as the evil spawn of Cain, and even viewed as a monster; but why? Why in both books is he a wicked, horrible, person who is harshly excluded from everyone? After stumbling upon John Gardner's book, it was halfway expected that some excuse would be made for Grendel; that he wasn't really the inexorable monster the thanes in Beowulf portrayed him as. But all it really did was make him worse. What is the message we are being sent about Grendel?
“I won’t shift afoot when I meet the cave-guard.” This quote shows the courage and bravery of a warrior during this time. In the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and John Gardner’s Grendel, the difference in the point of views give a change to the author’s style and the narration of the two writings. The difference in literary purpose behind the two writings affects the motivation and the language.
Even though the hero’s in these stories are very interesting their tales would not be as rewarding if they did not have to face many adversities on the way. Some of the monsters in these stories like Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon from Beowulf, while the Odyssey has many monsters but some if the main ones are Cyclops, the suitors, and Poseidon. The culture in Beowulf was more about believing in a higher power and related monsters like Grendel and the dragon to religious meanings while the Odyssey is about looking inward because they are all things in your daily life. Even though there are similarities in the monsters in these stories are different in the way they are perceived.
The novel Grendel, by John Gardner, gives the reader an inside look on the “monster… demon… [and] fiend” (Beowulf, 99) who, in Beowulf (translated by Burton Raffel), seems only capable of destruction, sneaking around in the night and killing soldiers off by the dozen. Grendel is a non-human entity who possesses human characteristics; no one truly knows who or what he is. He is monstrously huge, absurdly strong, and insatiable (he has been murdering for approximately twelve years). He is a “[monster] born of Cain, [a] murderous [creature]” (Beowulf, 105-106). He lives with his mother in a swampy marsh that is secluded by a “pool of firesnakes” who guard “the sunken door” to the strange world of humans (Grendel, 16). Beowulf does not provide any information of where he came from or any history about him, except that he is a pre-cursed, wicked being with no conscience. This seems like a biased assumption because the story
Beowulf, king of the Geats, engages in battles in order to protect his community from physical creatures while King Arthur’s knights engage in spiritual battles against evil temptation which lurks around every corner. Beowulf proudly displays his prowess before he must confront Grendel, the “God-cursed brute” when he declares with bold confidence that he “can calm the turmoil” (Heaney 11, 21). Beowulf boasts of his strength, pledging to kill Grendel with his bare hands. Grendel, the cursed descendant of Cain, enjoys death and destruction, ruining Hrothgar’s reputation with every attack on his kingdom. The monster kills one of his men, angering the Thanes and encouraging them to fight
The story of Beowulf is a heroic epic chronicling the illustrious deeds of the great Geatish warrior Beowulf, who voyages across the seas to rid the Danes of an evil monster, Grendel, who has been wreaking havoc and terrorizing the kingdom. Beowulf is glorified for his heroic deeds of ridding the land of a fiendish monster and halting its scourge of evil while the monster is portrayed as a repugnant creature who deserves to die because of its evil actions. In the epic poem, Beowulf the authors portrays Grendel as a cold-hearted beast who thrives on the pain of others. Many have disagreed with such a simplistic and biased representation of Grendel and his role in the epic poem. John Gardner in his book, Grendel set out to change the
The story of Cain, and the murderous rage he inflicts on his brother Abel is one that many remember because of the curse Cain receives from God. After lying to God about killing his brother, Cain can no longer live a fruitful and successful life. He and his descendants are cursed to misery and torment for his transgression. Grendel, one of the unfortunate descendants of Cain, is a prime example of biblical allusion in Beowulf. “He was spawned in that slime, / Conceived by a pair of those monsters born / Of Cain, murderous creatures banished / By God, punished forever for the crime / Of Abel’s death” (19-23). This description of Grendel attaches a stigma to him without giving him any real characteristics. Before he has even
It may be that at one point Grendel was a human much like Beowulf. "Yet, so as to save his life, he left behind his hand, his arm and shoulder" (957-959). He has the appearance of a man and he has a mother, but the humanness of Grendel has disappeared, and what remains is a creature that as the text says, "the Creator had condemned." Instead of saying that Grendel was just a real bad guy, through these descriptions, he has taken on a supernatural or mystical quality. God was even concerned enough to curse Grendel for his atrocities.
The story of Beowulf is a heroic epic, chronicling the distinguished deeds of the great Geatish warrior, Beowulf, who travels across the seas to rid the Danes of the evil monster Grendel, who has been inflicting destruction and terrorizing the kingdom. Beowulf is glorified for his heroic deeds of ridding the land fiendish monsters and stopping the scourge of evil, while the monster, Grendel, is portrayed as a repugnant creature who deserves death for its evil actions. However, many have disagreed with such a simplistic and biased representation of Grendel and his role in the epic poem. John Gardner in his book, Grendel, sets out to change the reader’s perception of Grendel and his role in Beowulf by narrating the story through Grendel’s point of view. John Gardner transforms Grendel, once perceived as an evil fiend in Beowulf, into a lonely but intelligent outcast who is actually quite similar to humans, due to his intelligence capacity for rational thought and his real, and at times irrational emotions. Gardner portrays Grendel as a hurt individual and as a victim of oppression, ostracized from civilization. Although the two works revolve around the same basic plot,, the themes and characters in Beowulf and Grendel are often different and sometimes contradictory.
One of the greatest debates in human history is fate vs free will and does fate even exist. It is a question that has been asked for centuries across many different cultures (Dennin 2016). Fate still has a impact on people today. The modern day argument isn't about being a force for good or evil like in Beowulf's culture, it is whether or not fate even exists. Everyone claims to know the answer but no one truly does. In the anglo saxon culture fate was the common belief. Not as many people now believe in fate as they did in Beowulf’s times but “52 percent of Americans say that they do believe in fate while only 29 percent do not believe in fate” (Moore, 2015). This means that fate is not as big of a deal nowadays then it was back then. Fates meaning and importance has changed but it still affects people's views and beliefs today.