Glycolipid Research Paper

Introduction: The biological membranes are composed of phospholipid bilayers, each phospholipid with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, and proteins. This arrangement of the proteins and lipids produces a selectively permeable membrane. Many kinds of molecules surround or are contained within

Describe the conformation of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. What abundant fluid leads to his conformation? Because the phospholipids heads are

The lipids found in cell membranes belong to a class known as triglycerides, so called because they have one molecule of glycerol chemically linked to three molecules of fatty acids. The majority belong to one subgroup of triglycerides known as phospholipids. The cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer. The hydrophobic tails of the detergent molecules are taken up by this bilayer.

Explain why the biomass of the primary consumers is less than the biomass of the producers in most communities. .......................................................................................................................................................

Each step in a food chain is a “trophic level” because of the energy transfer between them which can be shown in energy pyramids. All of the energy that passes on originally comes from the sun before moving through the order of the trophic levels, which is from producers to primary consumers to secondary consumers, then eventually to tertiary consumers. Although, as one lifeform eats another for energy, only 10% transfers to the next level because that 90% is used to “carry out the functions of living, such as producing new cells, regulating body temperature, and moving,” or for other necessary tasks. These transfers through eating are important since they help maintain ecosystems like the Everglades Hardwood Hammock. (Arms,

Ecosystems maintain themselves by recycling energy and nutrients obtained from external sources. At the first trophic level of primary producers i.e. plants and algae, use solar energy to produce organic plant material through photosynthesis.

In this lab, neutral red was used as a pH indicator. The color changes from yellow to red in a basic solution to an acidic solution. The neutral red dye was applied to Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. When the S. Cerevisiae cells come in contact with the neutral red dye, the dye gets to the cell by crossing the cell membrane. The cell membrane is the outer surface of the cell that functions as a barrier. The outside of the cell membrane is made of lipid and membrane proteins (Hardin, 2012). It is selectively permeable, which means only select ions and molecules can pass through it by transport. Membrane transport can be actively or passively moving a substance from side of the membrane to another (Hardin, 2012). Passive transport does not require energy to move molecules across the cell membrane. Diffusion is a form of passive transport that moves molecules across the membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion are all examples of passive transport. Active transport requires energy to move molecules across the membrane from areas of lower concentration to higher concentration. It requires energy because it pushes sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) (Hardin, 2012). When the dye entered the cell, it also showed its location. Sodium azide (Na+N3-) is a metabolic inhibitor that blocks the flow of electrons along

Introduction: Cell membranes contain many different types of molecules which have different roles in the overall structure of the membrane. Phospholipids form a bilayer, which is the basic structure of the membrane. Their non-polar tails form a barrier to most water soluble substances. Membrane proteins serves as channels for transport of metabolites, some act as enzymes or carriers, while some are receptors. Lastly carbohydrate molecules of the membrane are relatively short-chain polysaccharides, which has multiple functions, for example, cell-cell recognition and acting as receptor sites for chemical signals.

Active transport is a process that requires ATP in order for molecules to move. There are several reasons why active transport is required as oppose to passive transport: substances may be too large to pass through the membrane, substances may move against the concentration gradient as oppose to with it, or some substances may not be lipid soluble. v Amino acids and some sugars are transported into cells by solute pumps. An example of a solute pump is a sodium-potassium pump. Within a sodium-potassium pump, both K+ and Na+ are pushed into opposite regions across the cell membrane. Other processes that require ATP are pinocytosis and phagocytosis. Both pinocytosis and phagocytosis occurs when the cell membrane descends beneath the material in order to create a small vesicle, then pinches off into the cell. vi Phagocytosis is the process of cell eating, and phagocytic cells work

Autotrophs are able to store chemical energy in food molecules they build themselves. Food is chemical energy stored in organic molecules, it provides both the energy to do work and the carbon to build the organisms body. Since most autotrophs transform sunlight to make food, the process they use is called photosynthesis. There are only three groups of organisms are capable of this energy transformation: plants, algae, and some bacteria. Autotrophs make food for their own use, but they make enough to support other life as well. Almost all other organisms depend on these three groups for the food they produce. The producers, as autotrophs are also known, begin food chains which feed all life.

(a.) Lipids are the foundation of membranes. They are carbon-containing compounds that are found in organisms and are largely nonpolar and hydrophobic.

For a many years there have been Glyphiti artwork. Mayans and Egyptians used glyphs. The word “glyph” comes from the ancient Greek which means carving. More recently, there is the work of Kenneth Knowlton, who in the 1960's used computers at Bell Labs to create images composed of glyphs. The most common founder of the Glyphiti artwork is Andy Deck’s. Eleven years ago it took Deck 7 years to come to a complete artwork of the first official Glyphiti. “Glyphiti is an image composed of many smaller ‘glyphs’ that can be edited easily” (Deck Web). There are many of aspects to Glyphiti that makes it cool to work with. Generally, what makes Glyphiti artwork cool is the simplicity to it, it is based off modern technology, and it is a form of graffiti. Glyphiti really does not have a based artist nor author which another surprising aspect.

The erythrocyte cell membrane comprises a typical lipid bilayer, similar to what can be found in virtually all human cells. Simply put, this lipid bilayer is composed of cholesterol andphospholipids in equal proportions by weight. The lipid composition is important as it defines many physical properties such as membrane permeability and fluidity. Additionally, the activity of many membrane proteins is regulated by interactions with lipids in the bilayer.

The lipids found in the membrane are known as phospholipids. Phospholipids are fat derivatives in which one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group and one of several nitrogen-containing molecules. The phospholipids’ structure is such that it appears to have a ‘head’ attached to a ‘tail’. The head section of the lipid is made of a glycerol group which is then attached to an ionised

The cell membrane consists of eight distinctive parts that each have their own unique structure and function. The phospholipid bilayer is an integral part of the cell membrane because it is the external layer of the cell membrane and composes the barriers that isolate the internal cell components and organelles from the extracellular environment. It is composed of a series of phospholipids that have a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region. These regions are composed of the hydrophilic heads and the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids, this organization of the polar heads and nonpolar tails allows the heads of the cell to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules while the tails are able to avoid water. The phospholipid bilayer also has many important functions within the cell, it gives the cell shape, provides protection, and it is selectively permeable which allows it to only let very specific molecules pass through its surface. The phospholipid bilayer is an important structure because it prevents harmful and unwanted molecules from entering the cell and isolates organelles which helps to maintain the internal environmental homeostasis of the cell.