Genetic And Non Genetic Factors

A. The blood and synovial tissues of RA patients contain an autoantibody directed against the patient’s own gamma globulin.

Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) is the most common type of autoimmune arthritis. RA is a progressive and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder that affects the joints symmetrically, causing a range of systemic effects. What it causes is still not well known; nevertheless, findings of new research points towards a believe that it is triggered by a defective immune system, which causes the release of inflammatory chemicals. These chemicals cause damage to cartilage and bone, usually affecting the wrists, the joints of the hand, including the knuckles, the middle joints of the fingers and feet. While this condition can affect any joints, besides, important body organs such as the eyes and the lungs can also be affected by the inflammation that occurs as a result of this chronic condition. Only in America 1.3 million of people are affected by this ailment, and 75 % of them are mainly women. Its onset usually occurs between fourth and sixth decades; however, RA can occur at any age("Diseases And

The pathophysiology of osteoarthritis is a complex mechanism that involves chondrocytes and synoviocytes each playing a role in joint degeneration (25). The initial stages of the disease are characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, this process is also known as synovitis, followed by the loss of the cartilage surface (25). Although the exact reason for the cause of inflammation is unclear, certain intracellular mechanisms that lead to the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative stress in the cells have known to recruit macrophages and lymphocytes into the synovium. This in turn leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and degradative enzymes that can

Rheumatoid Arthritis or (RA) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the joints and connective tissue. The result is inflammation that produces permanent damage in the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic syndrome that tends to be progressive and destructive as compared to Osteoarthritis or (OA), which is more of an age related disease caused by “wear and tear” of the joints. In contrast to (OA), rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by inflammation mostly of the joints, but is a general body disease.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease that is systemic in nature but primarily targets and damages the synovial joints. It is characterized by painful, swollen, stiff joints, which manifest primarily in the hands, wrists, elbows, knees, ankles, and feet. RA is more common among women than men and increases in prevalence with age, however it can also occur in young adults and children (Lee & Weinblatt, 2001).

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic syndrome that is characterized by inflammation of the peripheral joints, but it may also involve the lungs, heart, blood vessels, and eyes. The prevalence of this autoimmune disease is between 0.3% to 1.5% of the population in the United States (Feinberg, pp 815). It affects women two to three times more often than men, and the onset of RA is usually between 25 and 50 years of age, but it can occur at any age (Reed, pp 584). RA can be diagnosed by establishing the presence of persistent joint pain, swelling in a symmetric distribution, and prolonged morning stiffness. RA usually affects multiple joints, such as the hands, wrists, knees, elbows, feet, shoulders, hips, and small hand joints. RA is

Rheumatoid Arthritis is often referred to as RA. It is the most common inflammatory joint disease. It causes pain,swelling,and stiffiness in the joints. It can affect everybody no matter the gender or age. It is treatable but there is no cure for it.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the mobile joints. It appears to be an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body’s own immune system produces antibodies, which attack its tissues. This results in inflammation and pain in varying degrees. It should not be confused with Osteoarthritis, which is caused by the ‘wear and tear’ of joints (Lahita, 2001).

Once a diagnosis of RA is made, the aim of management is to control disease activity and slow down the rate of joint damage and also minimizing pain, stiffness, inflammation and complications[1]. The non-pharmacologic measures available include:

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that is classified as an autoimmune disorder. There have been new investigations that suggest that several factors such as genetics, environmental, hormonal, immunological and infectious factors may play a significant role in the risk of developing RA. (Theresa Capriotti, Joan parker Frizzell 212) Genetics are believed to be a factor in about 50% of developing cases of RA specifically the resistance and susceptibility genes PTPN22 and TRAF5. The infectious factor of RA is believed to be linked to Mycoplasma organisms, EBV, and rubella virus because synovial fluid of RA patients tend to show high levels of anaerobic bacterial antibodies. RA and the link to hormonal changes are currently

Rheumatoid arthritis or (RA) can be difficult to diagnose for several reasons and there are many ways to diagnose it. Since there is no single test for the disease, there are just three ways to specify whether the patient has the disease or not. In addition, the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and other types of arthritis diseases can be similar that makes the diagnosing process inaccurate. Moreover, the symptoms vary from patient to another and it develops over time, so it can be severe in some people than the others can. As a result, doctors use several ways to diagnose this disease and to rule out the others. At the beginning, doctors always ask the patients to describe the symptoms and if it changed over time or not. In addition, they

pain is your physique's normal security in opposition to sickness and injury. It serves because the signal that some thing is mistaken in the body. Pains associated with arthritis include extreme pain from irritation of the joints, acute pain from damaged joints, and aggravated affliction brought on through continual affected by joint pains. Agony is caused by way of the gradual breakdown of cartilage, the tender material that cushions the joints. Soreness alleviation lotions are consumed by way of athletes, housewives, and the aged. At the same time there are various reasons and illnesses that may make a contribution to joint affliction, the most customary are osteoarthritis and sports injuries. Joint suffering from osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints. While inflammation of the tissue around the joints and inflammatory arthritis are characteristic features of rheumatoid arthritis, the disease can also cause inflammation and injury in other organs in the

RA is classified as a chronic, autoimmune rheumatic condition. It is caused by the immune system attacking the tissue in joints for unknown reasons, causing inflammation and swelling. The joint is a part of the body where two bones and bound by connective tissue. The ends of the bones are each surrounded by a capsule called synovium. The synovium creates a clear, lubrication substance called synovial fluid. RA is a condition that happens when the white blood cells in the immune system attack the synovium, causing swelling and pain where the joint is bound. Over

Thus, RA is a disease that affects the joints. It embodied by a flare up and remission. Although, this disease often occur in more than one joint and can affect any joint in the body. People with this disease may physically exhaust or fatigued experience fevers. Furthermore, RA is by far the most serious,