Future Mobile Applications Demand Novel Wireless Communication

The Two-Tier Data Dissemination (TTDD) assumes that the sensor nodes are stationary and location aware and sinks are allowed to change their location dynamically [9]. When any change is sensed by sensors the source node will generate the reports. Then the source node chooses itself as a start crossing point and sends data to its adjacent crossing points. This is also used in which nodes are stationery for multiple mobile sinks.

In order to implement the data measurement, storage, and actuation, communication paths must be set up between the sensors, actuators, processor, and storage. The communication paths use communication standards such at HTTP and Zigbee and custom protocols such as the protocol between the Gateway and Sensor Modules. The primary goal of these protocols is reliable communication. Each protocol uses acknowledgements to ensure the validity of the data. Using these protocols approximately 3.3KBytes are sent from the Sensor nodes to the Gateway per hour and approximately 1.3KBytes are sent from the Gateway and the Sensor nodes. This is a low date rate system designed to save power. Although the system network usually functions well there are noise levels with

So we will definitely need to have a base station that controls all the sensors and makes sure that it uses encryption to secure communication. We will have authentication, so that we can ensure data integrity and origin and to prevent injection of unauthorized messages. Use confidentiality, so that we can ensure secrecy of data and prevent eavesdropping. To accomplish this we are going to use Sensor-Network Encryption Protocol (SNEP) and micro Timed Efficient Stream Loss-tolerant Authentication

The conceptual framework for the deployed system is given bellow. The framework contains one Coordinator which is connected to the control station computer through USB cable, four routers and three sensor devices. Data packets from the sensor device are transmitted to the coordinator via multi-hop routing.

A group of wireless sensor nodes (devices) dynamically constructs a temporary network without the exercise of any pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. The main goal of ad-hoc networking is multihop broadcasting in which packets are transferred from source node to destination node through the intermediate nodes (hops). The main function of multi hop WSN is to enable communication between two terminal devices through a bit of middle nodes, which are transferring information from one level to another level. On the foundation of network connectivity, it dynamically gets to determine that which nodes should get included in routing, each node involved in routing transmit the data to further

Proposed system is a cooperative system in which each host will monitor its surrounding nodes and maintain a database about the transmission of its own as well as its neighbor nodes transmission.

In the underlay approach, secondary users should operate below the noise floor of primary users, and thus severe constraints are imposed on their transmission power. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is very suitable as the enabling technology for this approach. In spectrum overlay CR, secondary users search for unused frequency bands, called white spaces, and use them for communication.

In the recent years, wireless technologies have taken a new dimension in the ways society lives. Wireless broadband is available to everyone. Whether the users are at home, driving the car, sitting in the park, and it would even work while people are a pleasure boat ride in the middle of a lake. And because of this, the need to have information at any time and be connected in all places, all the time has been satisfied.

Present wireless scenario consists of homogeneous network and heterogeneous networks. In homogeneous network each base station has similar transmit power level, antenna pattern, receiver noise floor and similar backhaul connectivity. But this type of network has disadvantage of coverage hole. In heterogeneous network the macro BSs is collocated with micro, pico and femto cells. This arrangement increases overall spectral efficiency per unit area (capacity) of the network. Whereas small cell like micro, pico, femto and relays are used to avoid coverage hole and to provide mobility to the users. Not only this relays can be used to provide backhaul connectivity, where wire line link is not possible or are expensive to deploy. As determined by the information theoretic capacity limits, current cellular systems have evolved to a point where a system with one BS achieves near optimal performance. Researchers are now moving towards more advanced heterogeneous network topology which will bring the network more closely to the mobile user leading to further capacity gains [46-49]. HetNets will significantly improve the spectral efficiency per unit area by utilizing a diverse set of BSs.

Wireless Sensor Networks give an extension between real world and virtual systems. Wireless systems are grouped into Wireless Personal Area Networks, Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks and Wireless Local Area Networks. They are comprehensively isolated into two classes one is infrastructure-aided and infrastructure less. Portable ad hoc systems are self-sorting out systems of versatile nodes with no foundation so it is infrastructure less system. Transitional or sending nodes is utilized to build up correspondence between nodes. The directing conventions are required on the grounds that the nodes needs to move in the fancied way and the routing strategy plays an essential part in ad hoc systems.

Wireless communication is nowadays widely utilized in many high-performance devices and remote sensing systems, comprising radar sensors

A smoke detector is a device that detects any changes in the air and issues an alarm to alert nearby people that there is a potential danger. Smoke alarms are self-contained devices that incorporate a means of detecting a fire and give a warning. The size of a smoke detector is about the size of the palm. They can detect fires in their early stages to give people precious minutes to enable them to safety and others in the vicinity. The term wireless is normally used to refer to any type of electrical or electronic operation without the use of “hard wired” connection. Wireless communication transfer information over a distance without the use of wires. This is possible by using electromagnetic waves or radio frequency (RF) to carry a signal over part or the entire

The hοme autοmatiοn is cοntrοl οf hοme devices frοm a central cοntrοl pοint, autοmatiοn is tοday’s fact, where mοre things are being cοmpleted every day autοmatically, usually the basic tasks οf turning οn οr οff certain devices and beyοnd, either remοtely οr in clοse prοximity The cοncept οf the RF-based systems is tο use the underlying wireless data netwοrk such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi). The pοpularity οf wireless netwοrks in hοme has increased in recent years, and the advanced cοmputer technοlοgy has made the persοnal digital device tο cοmmοnly have the capability tο cοmmunicate thrοugh the wireless netwοrk. Hence, it is suitable tο use RF-based lοcatiοn determinatiοn system tο estimate the lοcatiοn οf the persοnal digital device in a hοme envirοnment, with high data rate transmissiοn, suppοrting multimedia applicatiοns may be feasible in WLAN . Οne οf the pοssible applicatiοns are wireless netwοrks fοr hοme autοmatiοn. Imagine a private hοme equipped with mοtiοn, light, temperature and οther sensοrs and actuatοrs fοr οpening the dοοr, dimming the light, cοntrοlling the heating and sο οn . It can be as basic as dimming lights with a remοte cοntrοl οr as cοmplex as setting up a netwοrk οf items in yοur hοme (such as a thermοstat, security system, lighting and appliances) that can be prοgrammed using a main cοntrοller . The basic idea οf hοme autοmatiοn is tο emplοy sensοrs and cοntrοl systems tο mοnitοr a dwelling, and accοrdingly adjust the variοus mechanisms that prοvide

Convergence, according to our text on page 19, is the process of coming together or uniting in a common interest or focus. This could be the combining of multiple products into one single product, but in the world of mass media there are two main communication and media processes; content and distribution. Our text, The Dynamics of Mass Communication, talks about what is called corporate convergence. Author Joseph Dominick says corporate convergence would involve media companies that were focused on providing content (movie. television and music studios) acquiring companies designed to distribute content (cable and satellite companies).

Forward: The Public Safety Wireless Network (PSWN) Program is conducting an ongoing assessment of advancements in the wireless communications industry. The scope of this assessment is to identify emerging wireless services and technologies for potential public safety use in the near future and beyond. This particular document is the first of a series of emerging wireless technologies studies. This study will concentrate primarily on the fourth generation of mobile telecommunications and beyond.