How Gender Values and Purpose Influenced the Black American Slave Narrative: “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl” and “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass” Compared
Throughout the abolition movement, both men and women slaves were trying to escape from slavery, and find their way to freedom in the North. Many wrote their stories down. Some with the aid of ghost writers, and often under pseudonyms to protect their safety. These personal narratives spoke of the sufferings and horrors of the slave experience in America. However, since black men and black woman experienced slavery differently, they wrote about them differently. Those differences can be seen in a comparison of Frederick Douglass’s, Narrative of the Life of Frederick
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He learns the alphabet from his mistress. However, she has to suddenly stop teaching him when his master declares “If you teach that nigger to read, there will be no keeping him. He will forever be unfit to be a slave” (Douglass 960). Hence, Douglass recognizes that education means power. The path to freedom and equality is paved by education. Immediately after, he “… set out with high hope, and a fixed purpose, at whatever cost of trouble, to learn how to read” (Douglass 960). The laws and consequent restrictions meant to prevent him from learning serve only to fuel his passion to acquire the knowledge he needs to become a man. Douglass lets nothing prevent him from learning, and continues to cleverly find ways to learn to read and write (Levine 935). His desire for the self-respect that an education will give him is very clear in the writing style of his autobiography. Even the words in the title “Written by Myself” is a statement of education. It says, I am literate, I am human, and the equivalent of any person in my audience. For this purpose, he persistently uses the bible and political documents in shaping his intellectual views. He knows how important validating his thoughts and ideas with sources are in establishing ethos and logos. Accordingly, as Douglass continues to further his own …show more content…
He shows some emotion in the earlier accounts of his family life, but as he grows older his related memories about family grow distant. Granted, the memories of his childhood are told in the breathless and helpless remembered voice of a child, but as Douglass’s life continues the details about family relationships are less descriptive and emotional. For example, little is ever said about when he is married or about his own children. Jacobs quest is about establishing and protecting her virtuous right to womanhood through the credibility of motherhood. Whereas, Douglass is searching for the holy grail of manhood, through self-respect, education, and societal status. His lack of emotion over the natal alienation of his family relationships is not an indicator that Douglass does not care about these things. Douglass and Jacobs are simply writing from two acceptably different gender perspectives on slavery. One is archetypal of the female slave narrative, while the other is exemplary of the male slave narrative. Both are in conformity with the expected general prose narratives, and gender roles for woman and men of the time. Jacob’s publication of sexual abuse is shocking for her time, thus her voice is cloaked under the device of novelization that the Victorian moral sensibilities of her female readers find acceptable. Douglass, on the other hand, uses the voice of the enlightened self-made man –
The “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass” is an autobiography in which Frederick Douglass reflects on his life as a slave in America. He writes this book as a free slave, in the North, while slavery was still running its course before the Civil War. Through his effective use of rhetorical strategies, Frederick Douglass argues against the institution of slavery by appealing to pathos and ethos, introducing multiple anecdotes, using satirical irony, and explaining the persuasive effects of slavery and reasoning behind keeping slaves uneducated.
Born into a life of slavery, Frederick Douglass overcame a boatload of obstacles in his very accomplished life. While a slave he was able to learn how to read and write, which was the most significant accomplishment in his life. This was significant, not only because it was forbidden for a slave to read due to the slaveholders wanting to keep them ignorant to preserve slavery, but because it was the starting point for Frederick to think more freely and more profound. Frederick Douglass then taught other slaves how to read and write because he believed and taught “Once you learn to read you will be forever free” (Frederick Douglass). This man was an astonishing individual who
Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass both wrote narratives that detailed their lives as slaves in the antebellum era. Both of these former slaves managed to escape to the North and wanted to expose slavery for the evil thing it was. The accounts tell equally of depravity and ugliness though they are different views of the same rotten institution. Like most who managed to escape the shackles of slavery, these two authors share a common bond of tenacity and authenticity. Their voices are different—one is timid, quiet, and almost apologetic while the other one is loud, strong, and confident—but they are both authentic. They both also through out the course of their narratives explain their desires to be free from the horrible practice of slavery.
The distinct introduction to each of their lives not only set an impression for the reader but also serves as a precursor to the different aspirations and dreams of escape that Jacobs and Douglas distinctly had. Beginning with Jacobs her narrative was written around her scarce time when she was not tending to “household duties” and avoiding the “unclean images” her master regularly imposed on her. Jacobs did not have informal education as frequent as Douglass and
During the final years of legal slave ownership in the United States, the slave narrative became a popular way for literate enslaved people to express their anti-slavery stance through their own testimony. Two of the most influential writers on the slave narrative topic were the autobiographical authors Fredrick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs. Since Douglas and Jacobs were both born in a similar time period, there are many similarities found in their works. Douglass’s Narrative of the life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave is closely comparable to Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl when analyzing how they represented their enslavement in their autobiographies. The two authors have similar ideas when portraying their struggles with forced ignorance. Their writing also contains parallels with the corrupting power of slavery for the slave owners, as well as the parallels in pointing out the hypocrisies of using the bible to defend slavery. These similarities can be explained in part due to Douglass and Jacobs following the same basic slave narrative outline to maintain the shared goal of abolishing slavery in the United States.
In their narratives Frederick Douglass’ and Harriet Jacobs’ recount the agony they have gone through in a slaveholding society, where gender played a deceiving role during the captiva-tion. For slaves it was impossible to achieve designated stereotypical roles of the sexes, respec-tively for male and female, as the only officially recognized gender at that time. While Harriet Jacobs was restricted in her aspire for freedom due to her role conflict as mother and slave, Fred-erick Douglass seems distant to family matters and focused on getting his independence and pride back with education and resistance. Both were constrained to follow the general pictures default to fit the American culture and the norms set by society towards gender throughout their captivation as slaves. Yet, these specific examples of their life are despite their differences, very similar in their desires.
Although Douglass and Jacobs' experiences support the "personal as political', their narratives further explore the residual effects of slavery: 1) to prohibit the identity of male and female slave, and 2) to marginalize the slave's presence in society.
‘The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass’ is an autobiography of Frederick Douglass, the slave who escaped and became one of renowned social reformers of his time. The book is a collection of actual experiences of the author during his time in slavery and experiences of fellow slaves. He describes brilliantly the oppressive conditions into which he was born, lived, as well as his struggles and triumphs. The author meant to make the reader comprehend life of the African Americans in slavery before the ending of slavery. He also meant to highlight the misuse of religion and to use it to control other people whom they deem inferior.
In exploring the lives of African American Slave Women, historians use several different types of sources to describe and accurately depict their lives during the antebellum slave period. Through the difficult times that female slaves endured, they were shown to be depicted by their masters as being dependent, childlike and sometimes lazy. Slave women however saw their plight quite differently as they had to be quick thinkers and adaptable to their surroundings to manage all the responsibilities that were placed upon them (DuBois 2012). The uses of writing as a means of a source was a reliable method of recording and tracking history through the lives of slave women. In the sample writings of a few slave women from their letters of the
Published in 1845, ‘Narrative of life of Frederick Douglass an American slave written by himself’ is still the most highly acclaimed American autobiography ever written. It was published seven years after Douglass escaped from his life as a slave in Maryland. It describes his experience of being slave and his psychological insights into the slave-master relationship. The main focus is on ‘How he learn to read and write ‘and ‘the pain of slavery.’ The goal of this paper is to bring more insight analysis of his narrative life through the most famous two chapter’s in which he defines, “How he learn to read and write” and “The pain of slavery.” To achieve this goal, the paper is organized into four main sections. First, author background and
Like Douglass, Jacobs also exposed the harsh treatment towards slaves while proving that American “blacks could succeed at the same activities as whites” (Hunter-Willis 26) through her own narrated experiences. Her resolve to write demonstrated a “resistance to the patriarchal system of slavery” (Peterson 158) by sharing the exploits of slavery through her own point of view.
Slavery has always been the most dreadful phenomena of our world. Slavery, by itself looks so unusual and provokes mixed feelings from the heart of each person. In other words, slavery change a human being into a “thing” or even some type of consumer item. However, a fugitive slave, Frederick Douglass writes the novel called “The Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass” to reveal how the slavery system works. Douglass’ narrative resembles not so much an autobiography as a memoir. If we read this novel closely, women often appear not in a primary plot, but in a short passage and as a vivid images; specifically, an image of abused bodies. Douglass associates women with suffering. Also, he gives an understanding
In a Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave written by himself, the author argues that no one can be enslaved if he or she has the ability to read, write, and think. Douglass supports his claim by first providing details of his attempts to earn an education, and secondly by explaining the conversion of a single slaveholder. The author’s purpose is to reveal the evils of slavery to the wider public in order to gain support for the abolition of his terrifying practice. Based on the purpose of writing the book and the graphic detail of his stories, Douglass is writing to influence people of higher power, such as abolitionists, to abolish the appalling reality of slavery; developing a sympathetic relationship with the
The endeavor to escape slavery was an idea that pondered in the minds of slaves. While slavery influenced both genders emotionally, physically, and educationally, ultimately only the male gender was able to comprehend what it would be like to be able to flee slavery. Men took charge and became independent being able to leave slavery, whereas the women were more dependent as wives and mothers, which caused them to not be able to getaway. Douglass’ and Jacobs’ works proved this to be true as the reader sees their experiences as a slave fluctuate based on their gender. Through Douglass’ encounters as a slave we see how important it is for a male to participate in physical labor and then through Jacobs’ story, one is able to see how women were used mostly by their masters sexually. Once Abolition started everyone thought it would better the lives of men and women, but boy were they mistaken. In Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, the authors vary in the way that the men are able to escape slavery easier than woman because of the expectations of gender roles during the time and that is what shaped these two works.
The experiences, memories and treatment in any situation are viewed upon differently between a man and a woman. Obvious in the case of slavery, the two sexes were treated differently and so therefore their recollections of such events were-different. In the following short essay, we look closely at the perspective of the female slave, Harriet Jacobs in “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl”, and respectfully compared to that of a man slave, Frederick Douglass in “The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass”. Although both experienced their freedoms despite facing great