Flint Corn In The American Bottom

Cahokia was a large, complex settlement built by Native Americans that lived along the Mississippi River in about 950 C.E. near present-day St. Louis and East St. Louis, Illinois. At the city’s peak at around 1150 C.E., nearly ten thousand citizens lived on more than five square miles of 120 earthen “mounds.” At the time, Cahokia was the third-largest city in the Americas, and it contained multiple residential neighborhoods, plazas, and religious sites. Scientists and historians widely agreed that corn had been cultivated in this region since as early as the year 1000 C.E. At the location of the ancient city, archaeologists discovered corn fragments, such as kernels and cobs, in sites that were dated to the year 1000 C.E. and earlier. Several

When Jesus Came, The Corn Mothers Went Away gives an in-depth history of the Pueblo Indians before and after the Spanish conquest. It describes the forced changes the Spanish brought to the Indians, and also the changes brought to the Spaniards who came to “civilize” the Indians. The author's thesis is that the Pueblo Indians and other Indians were treated cruelly by the Spanish, who justified their crime by claiming they were civilizing an

The Mississippian’s food supply was very stable compared to the other pre-contact groups. Since they stayed in one place they were able to grow their own crops. The crops they were mostly known for growing were the three sister plants aka corn, beans, and squash. They grew these plants together most of the time, because they all benefited from each other. Corn was the number one crop that they grew, reason being was that corn kept so well. It kept so well that it could be stored and used for the harsh winter months, when they could not grow anything. Since it was so easy for them to grow it, they ended up eating it very regularly. As a result of eating it so often they developed some major health problems such as cavities, tooth decay, and malnutrition because corn did not provide the key nutrients required to survive.

When you think about the pinnacle city, the turning point in the Industrial Revolution, Flint, Michigan comes to mind. It was a city that perfectly encapsulated the American Dream and set the standard for the working class in America. Flint, Michigan was home to General Motors and at one point they were the driving force of the economy. However, that success was fleeting due to globalization and with many competing companies outsourcing, GM had to make many tough decisions that ultimately led to its downsize. When GM left Flint, the city was devastated and it’s exit contributed to the poverty we see now. The post-industrial era not only left the city in despair, but also left many things in questions, such as the large amounts of lead used during that era that has thus left the city more vulnerable. The current crisis in Flint is able to portray the damages of this ‘industrial legacy’ that has now affected their water. The Flint water crisis could have been avoided had they properly assessed the situation and went in with the proper tools. Just how they were able to assess and adjust laws to save people during the industrial revolution, Flint needs to implement the same changes. This case is able to illustrate the ways in which race and socioeconomic status intersect with one 's insurance to uphold human rights and environmental health.

First, the forced cultivation and consumption of corn on the Plains Natives had a negative impact on their health by limiting their diet in comparison to their ancestors. Utilizing Bioarcheology, historians and scientists have been able to examine the

Purple corn is a Peruvian superfood with more antioxidants than blueberries. This corn contains many phytonutrients including large amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins, which protect the blood vessels. Studies show that plants with high anthocyanins and phenolic constituents have the highest antioxidant activity. Anthocyanins are a type of complex flavonoid that plants give a blue, purple or red. Anthocyanins are acting anti-inflammatory and stimulate the regeneration of connective tissue.

Flint in Michigan is located 70 Miles away from the shores of large fresh water bodies, the Great Lakes. Despite this close proximity to the fresh water bodies, the residents have not been able to get the clean water. The water supply of Flint in Michigan in the United States has undergone serious water contamination crisis. The water crisis started in April 2014 (Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, 2016). The contamination of drinking water began when the source of water was changed from the treated Detroit Water and Sewerage Department to the Flint River. This later led to a serious contamination of the water due to lead contamination hence creating more danger in the public health. The Flint River had a corrosive nature and caused lead from the old pipes to leach into the water supply. This caused heavy metals in the water supply. This posed serious health problems. For example, six thousand to twelve thousand children were exposed to the contaminated water. The blood-lead level in children increased. The alteration in the water source was the main reason behind the water crisis in Flint.

The Flint River begins as a small groundwater seepage in Hapeville in west central Georgia. It travels down the state getting wider and deeper until it reaches its final destination, Lake Seminole. This river is 349 river miles long and has a watershed area of 8,460 square miles. Known to be very scenic, it is one of only forty rivers in the United States to flow more than 200 miles without man-made interference. The Flint River also is the home of a new species of fish, the Halloween Darter, which is only found in the Flint, Chattahoochee, and Apalachicola Rivers. There are three hydropower dams along the Flint: the Crisp County Power dam, the Flint River dam, and the Jim Woodruff dam. These dams create Lake Blackshear, Worth, and Seminole.

The history of corn can be dated back to the beginning of time, but the use and value of corn had been unnoticed until it was introduce by the Native Americans. Where corn had seemed to be a big part of their everyday life from, being in myths, legends, and for a huge portion of their diet corn was an essential component. "when the Europeans had touched base to the New World during the late fifteenth century, the Native Americans had introduced corn what they had called maize to the Europeans .This crop was then later on grown and adapted from Canada to southern South America very quickly, which then began to form the new basis of the New World civilization" (Leventin & McManhon, 2012). The way corn has been changing and revolutionizing throughout time has been both fascinating and drastic. Rather than conventional corn being grown, it is genetically modified corn that have been dominating today 's crop industry and farming but the question remains as to how the various types of GMO corn has influenced the way it is grown and used and what its ramification are.

The Haudenosaunee lived in balance with nature that they imposed, while Europeans lived in competition with nature, attempting to control it fully. This vastly different method of farming is an important part of American history as it is the reason for the famous Great Plains. It also gives insight into the nature of the Native Americans and their livelihoods. The mound building engineers who built Cahokia’s Monks Mound show us that even though the Indians lived centuries ago, they were just as able as other ancient civilizations and even modern ones. The monks mound was built on clay which is prone to swelling and by insulating and watering the mound, it still exists today (Mann 260). Just as the Ancient Egyptians are studied for their pyramids, the Cahokians should be studied as part of Ancient U.S. History demonstrating their engineering ability. Finally, an achievement of Native Americans that makes them worthy of inclusion in U.S. History is the invention of terra preta, an unusually fertile soil found in Amazonia that is anthropogenic. Indians likely used the technique, slash-and-char to create charcoal

Native Americans started the development of maize. In 1491 Mann says, “Indians developed an extraordinary number of maize varieties for different growing conditions, which meant that the crop could and did spread throughout the planet”(pg17). With the spread of maize the Indians caused several

The following is how this DISH evolved in the Americas: When people think of popcorn we think it’s nothing more than American food but according to the website, history.com: “ Archeologists have found traces of popcorn in 1,000-year-old Peruvian tombs.” There have also been stories of how popcorn was apart of the thanksgiving feast within the year 1612 in Plymouth Colony but then again there is not much proof of that being completely true. The website also states that “ French explorers wrote of Iroquois popping tough corn kernels in pottery jars filled with heated sand. The Iroquois nation spread throughout the Great Lakes region, so it’s likely that settlers to upstate New York, Vermont and Quebec were the earliest European-American popcorn

Flint didn't know the outcome on this, zestful sunny, day. All that he knew was that today was the day, the day that all the “Imperfects” were waiting for. The amazing day in Erikson, the amazing city where everything is perfect. Flint hated this! He was enraged by how much Erikson was “perfect”, he felt that the world had cast him and the “Imperfects” aside also labeling him as a nuisance, for being the leader of the “Imperfects”. While brooding about, the continent, Erikson his friend Karma entered the room.

Tension started when the Corn Laws were enforced in 1815, this imposed restrictions and tariffs on imported grain, corn, flour, and meal. The Corn Laws were designed by conservatives to keep grain prices high to favor domestic producers thus, food prices rose and riots throughout the city of London began to break out. The Corn Laws enhanced the profits and political power associated with landownership. The government directly regulated the import and export of grain, making it more expensive to produce and trade grains grown by local farmers. In 1839, the Anti-Corn Law League was established to fight against England’s Corn Laws. The league mobilized the industrial middle classes against the landlords. During the grain shortage caused by Britain growing population and the blockades imposed by the Napoleonic Wars, the Corn Laws were repealed in 1846.

The information regarding corn provided by Pollan was enlightening to me as well. Initially, I had no idea about the saturation of corn and corn related products in our modern diet. I agree with you that corn in its present manifestation depends on enormous amounts of fossil fuels which pollute the environment. Petroleum is used as a base for fertilizer and fuel for tractors during tilling and harvesting. Corn as grown by the Native Americans was vastly different then the current form and much more