Chapter one: Introduction
1.1 Background:
Female Genital Mutilation refers to several manners of conducting operations of women and girls, involving the partial or total removal of external genitalia. This practice is considered a traditional practice amongst many people and communities throughout the world. While the practice has been ongoing for centuries it has been deemed a human rights violation on the grounds that it inflicts harm on females, including damaging them in a physChapter one: Introduction
1.1 Background:
Female Genital Mutilation refers to several manners of conducting operations of women and girls, involving the partial or total removal of external genitalia. This practice is considered a traditional practice amongst many people and communities throughout the world. While the practice has been ongoing for centuries it has been deemed a human rights violation on the grounds that it inflicts harm on females, including damaging them in a physical, sexual, and psychological manner. These rights violations fall under The Convention of the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa.
1.2 Statement of the problem:
Female Genital Mutilation has been executed over generations due to the social dynamics which have made it difficult for girls, and their families to abandon the practice. The practice has no health
Rob Stewart embarked on a mission to expose the clandestine nature of the illegal shark finning industry. He did so through his photography, videography and writing. Stewart made multiple documentaries including Sharkwater and Revolution. Stewart also wrote Sharkwater and Save the Humans. Stewart’s actions of exposing the shark finning industry did not go unnoticed by the public or individuals profiting from the illegal shark finning industry. Stewart was arrested in Costa Rica for filming the illegal poaching of sharks. The poachers remain free and unscathed to this day by their documented crimes.
On the contrary, it is known to be harmful to girls and women in many ways. First and foremost, it is painful and traumatic. The removal of or damage to healthy, normal genital tissue interferes with the natural functioning of the body and causes several immediate long-term health consequences. For example, babies born to women who have undergone female genital mutilation suffer a higher rate of neonatal death compared with babies born to women who have not undergone the procedure.
Female genital mutilation, also known as female circumcision, is a practice that involves the removal of part or all of the female external genitalia. It occurs throughout the world, but most commonly in Africa where they say that it is a tradition and social custom to keep a young girl pure and a married woman faithful. But to some Westerners, the practice is viewed as being primitive and barbaric. We react with disgust and find it nearly incomprehensible that female genital mutilation can occur in the world today
The first news publication that we will be analyzing is an article titled “Anatomy of Female Genital Mutilation” written by Michelle Roberts (2014) of BBC News. This article begins to inform the readers about what female genital mutilation is exactly. According to Roberts (2014) female genital mutilation is defined as, “any procedure that harms the female genital organs for non-medical purposes”. The article continues to inform its readers that among the stages of female genital mutilation, the most severe one includes when a woman’s clitoris is removed, then her genitals are stitched together so that the female does not have or enjoy sex. As girls, grow up to bear children, during labor and delivery, she is again unstitched
History is thought to be the past, but the past influences the present in many ways. Insane, lunatic, mentally deranged, madness, madman, crazy, mentally disturbed, troubled, these were just a few terms used to label those with mental illness and these labels are at times still used in society today. Although the shift of viewing insanity as a diagnosable condition did not reduce the use of such terms in 19th Century England, there was a historical event that changed the way those who suffered from mental illness were seen. This historical event came in 1845 with the enactment of the Lunatics Act and the County Asylums Act which were dependent on each other. Now, in order to comprehend what these Acts did it is important to first understand
The practice of female circumcision is happening in areas across the globe such as Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The United states and Serval others counties look at this as a vicious act of genital mutilation and an outright human rights violation (Clay, 2017, p.g.22). The practice of female circumcision has gone on for years as a cultural rite of passage in some countries. Other countries see it as a religious belief and others see it as a way to make their daughter more desirable for a husband The author reports that even through in the United States that many women more than half a million are still at risk of having their genital cut from the CDC reports in 2012 (Clay, 2017,
The author of this article is Nigeen Akram. She was a volunteer who wanted to go to Iraq and study what was going on with Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). She interviewed a girl named Payam. She was a victim of FGM. All her life she wondered why her mother and grandmother did this to her. Her experience alone was terrifying not to mention the main procedure. This can give people insight on what is happening with females today. FGM is still around and many people still do it.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), female genital mutilation consist of a non-medical procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs (Lauren V, 2011).Typically girls from two weeks old, through fourteen years old, are affected by this procedure. The mutilations are conducted under non-sterile conditions; by using razors, knifes, scissors etc.; and without any anesthesia.
The World Health Organization, also known by the acronym WHO, has defined female genital mutilation as “procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.” FGM (acronym for female genital mutilation) is highly prevalent in Africa and the Middle East. An estimated 200 million and counting have been victims of this practice (UNICEF New York, 2016). In the past 20 years the tradition of female circumcision has received a lot of attention from the public and mass media and has been at the center or controversial debate (Kalev, 2004). Why? Because female circumcision is extremely detrimental to a female’s health as it causes long-term and short-term health complications and psychological damage to the victim. This research paper will discuss these topics and reassure the reader that female genital mutilation has and serves no benefits and is ultimately a violation of human rights.
Throughout history, there has been a controversial argument on whether female genital mutilation should be banned from Africa. Some people describe female genital mutilation or FGM as a violation of women’s rights and others view it as served for a religious purpose having to do with the Islamic holy book, the Qur’an. Female Genital Mutilation is the removal of all or part of the external parts of the female genitalia. There are three different types of FGM; the first type of FGM is the Sunna Circumcision which is the removal of the tip of the clitoris. The second type is Clitoridectomy which is the removal of the entire clitoris and the adjacent labia. The third type is Infibulation which is the removal of the clitoris and the entire labia including the labia majora and minora. After the removal of the entire labia, the joining of the scraped sides are brought together using thorns or catgut, leaving only a small portion open for menstruation and urinating. Africa has the highest rates of FGM being performed. About 100 million women and girls are affected by FGM and at least 3 million girls are at risk undergoing this process every year. FGM is usually carried out by an elderly woman who is paid fees from the family of the girl undergoing this process (P.a.p.-Blog par. 2, 4). Female Genital Mutilation is usually performed on girl between the ages of three and adulthood. According to the UNICEF or United
Female Genital Mutilation is a practice in which external portions of female genitalia are removed for non-medical, cultural reasons. In many countries and cultures, young girls are forced to go through this procedure before getting married, based on the belief that the practice will keep them pure and virgins. This practice, set in place by a patriarchal hegemonic system, controls and decides the lives of any girls in a lot of places. Often times, these lives are ended because the practice is non-medical, not safe, and definitely not even done the right way.
Female Genital Mutilation is believed to have started in Egypt 2,000 years ago and spread from there. Only a few years ago, FGM was considered a cultural tradition, but now the United Nations has labeled it as a violation of human rights. Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United States has declared Female Genital Mutilation grounds for seeking asylum and is a punishable offense (1).
Edgar Allan Poe was an American poet, who lived in the 19th century. The literary critics tend to believe that he was the writer to invent the genre of detective fiction. As for the peculiarities of his writing style, it should be noted that he preferred gothic style, which was more appealing to the public. Among the topics he described were death and its signs, loss, darkness, etc. As for the biographic influences, it should be noted that Poe’s parents died when he was young and, therefore, this may partially serve as the explanation of the dark motives in his writings. There were many obstacles in his life and one of them was that he was earning his living by means of writing only.
Female genital mutilation is considered intentionally alter or cause injuring the female genital organs. When females get their genitals remove they lack the professional help of a doctor or hospital. When females go through this procedure they normally bleed a lot and sometimes get infections. When females get this procedure done they can also lead to infertility issues which can cause women to have complication when given child birth and have a high rate in newborn death. There are over 20 countries in Africa and eastern where female genital mutilation is happening. There are more than 125 million girls who are affected in these children. Females who experience this are between the age of infancy and 15 years of age. Female genital mutilation
What is Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)? Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is often the removal or cutting of the labia and the clitoris. The World Health Organization describes FGM as any procedure that injures the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. In the video FGM survivor: Fundamentally, it’s ‘child abuse’, “CNN talks about FGM also known as female circumcision or female cutting. This is the ritual removal of some or all the external female genitalia. Mothers as well as neighbors and other family members are involved in this process”. FGM is important because they have no health benefits and is in fact very harmful to health in many ways. FGM is illegal. FGM