Fanno Creek Investigation

Webb (2003) conducted numerical analysis of source-water dynamics of stream-bounded alluvial aquifers, along the Ohio River in northern panhandle of West Virginia, with consideration of lateral infiltration of groundwater from bedrock aquifer. However, the author did not verify her model to the field data. On the other hand, Kozar and McCoy (2004) presented groundwater-surface water interaction and simulation of groundwater flow in the alluvial aquifers from the northern panhandle of West Virginia without considering recharge form adjacent bedrock and leakage from overlying tributary streams. Although, Bader et al., (1997) and Unthank (1999) independently identified that the alluvium along the Ohio River, West Virginia and Kentucky respectively is recharged by the following means: (1) precipitation on the flood plain, (2) inflow from fractures in the bedrock beneath and adjacent to the alluvium, (3) inflow from tributary streams through gravel deltas and bedding-plane partings, and (4) induced inflow from the river. Water flowing in tributary streams can percolate through the deltas to the gravel under the clay-silt layer (Grain, 1966). Unthank (2013) updated model and reran it which generated significant difference between measured water levels and model-computed water levels in the aquifer. The author concluded that more accurate and site-specific estimates of field parameters, refined model geometry, and additional numerical method improve

Physical characteristics are important as well. While canoeing, many things were observed and notices. Tires were seen at the bottom of the river. This is most likely because of the highway that runs on both sides or the river, and over it -on bridges- too. Because of the highway, there is a high risk

The Ellicott City flood was destructive because it was on a high gradient stream. The high gradient stream made it flood faster, and had low stream discharge. Discharge is cross section of stream channel. It was also capable of moving large particles, which is an example of deposition and erosion. In the experiment, the ‘Main Street Ellicott City’ stream was more affected than the Meandering Stream. The Main Street Ellicott City stream was flooded faster, and more houses and cars were destroyed compared to the Meandering

The Conodoguinet Creek is a creek that runs 90 miles long from Carlisle to the Susquehanna River. The Susquehanna River is located in West Fairview. Now the question is, is the Conodoguinet Creek polluted? Pollution is caused by smoke in the air from big metal companies and fertilizers from farmers. Acid rain takes that smoke and fertilizers and rains into the ground and into waterways. That pollution can kill the organisms living in that waterway. My hypothesis is that the Conodoguinet Creek will not be polluted. Some things that will tell us if it is polluted or not is tests, scales, rocks, macroinvertebrates, and the velocity of the water. Is this acid damaging the Conodoguinet Creek?

Hydrologic studies has always been the subdiscipline of environmental science that has most intrigued me; probably because the eco- and geological systems that comprise surface and shallow groundwater systems are so inexorably entwined and very delicate. Both of the virtual labs were interesting, and paint a clear picture of how we affect our hydrosphere and how that, in turn, affects us. Spotsylvania County and the city of Fredericksburg share four water treatment facilities that pull water from the Mott's Run Reservoir, the Ni River, and the Rappahannock River, which is the largest river in the local area, the other two being smaller tributaries that feed into it. The Rappahannock River is a significant body of water, providing the potable water for roughly a quarter-million people. Toward the coast the river sees mostly recreational and some light industrial use, and further upstream it is affected by many small to midsized agricultural operations that take place on the land adjacent to the river.

Research Question: Does the Water of Leith have the same typical river properties confirming to the Bradshaw Model?

Flow rates? – Is there any conclusions that can be drawn specifically from the data?

The discharge on the Illinois River downstream of Clear Creek (near Siloam Springs) was 720 cfs, which is much greater than the discharge of our site. Our site is much further away from the Illinois River and thus water has a greater velocity/discharge when there is a greater body of water. The velocity slows down as the river transfers to the creeks as on the way in the Illinois River at Savoy on the same date the discharge was 260 cfs, and this is by the reason of the site being upstream from the downstream Siloam site. When there are changes in slope, the discharge and velocity decrease through distance and time.

Brooker Creek is the largest natural area in Pinellas County. It is a preserved area where most of the organisms are protected by the state and cannot be touched or taken. This hike had a durability of one hour and it consisted on walking the entire trail and observing the different ecosystems found at the preserve. In order to see the different wild organisms that get to call the preserve home, we had to walk for around two hours. Some of the organisms mentioned by the guide of the hike and seeing at the preserve were: Golden orbs spiders, Coffee plants, lichens, mosses, sable palms, palmettos, blue gray knatt catchers, red maple trees, ferns, and tupelo trees. Although these organisms are very different from one another they are all able to live at Brooker Creek because of the different environments it has and offers its inhabitants.

A group of future biologists and I ventured through Beaver Creek and wrote down observations. We had found that the bank of the creek was eroded. We found invasive species such as Persicaria Longiseta and the English Ivy. We observed a lack of animal activity besides numerous mosquitoes and one salamander. In a section of the water there was a large amount of oil changing that section orange. The runoff system seemed obsolete and all the storm water from the parking lots would drain directly into Beaver Creek. We took a water sample two weeks later. Our water sample was slightly biased because we had taken it in a different location then where the obsolete design occurred. Water temperature was 16 C⁰. We did not find a significant threat or dangerous chemical levels of Nitrate, Nitrite, pH, Alkalinity, and chlorine. We did find our water hardness to be high. The area did test positive for having bacteria like Ecoli, Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Kliebsiella, other Coliform and non-coliform bacteria. The area also tested positive for pesticides atrazine and simazine.

Groundwater is an important natural resource that many communities, companies, and ecosystems depend on. Although, it is classified as a renewable resource, its supply is not unlimited. Groundwater has a yearly recharge rate that varies around an average from year to year. Having an idea or estimate of the recharge rate is necessary to define the limits of what can be withdrawn from an aquifer without causing an unacceptable decrease in long-term discharge rates. The objective of this study is estimate the recharge and discharge rates of the West Nose Creek Watershed and determine how groundwater extraction through pumping affects these

In order to be able to make an effective water analysis of Barcombe Mills tributary and to meet the objectives of the project, there should be a collecting and understanding of previous studies to identify the possible causes of the deterioration of water quality in the basin. By analysing the work of previous years, it is possible to detect gaps in the previous research. Furthermore, attention should be given to ways in which the various stakeholders interact with the river, determining the impact on the quality and quantity of water.

To fully analyze Spring Creek, the collected samples must be representative of the depth and width of this creek. To make sure that the width of all the samples was represented, the boat moved side to side of the entire channel of as samples of the water surface were collected. To get samples that are representative of the depth, the geologists sampled the upper 0.2 to 2.5m of the river using a three-meter long tube with a diameter of five centimeters. The shores of the Spring Creek were also sampled in order to determine if there was any deposition of heavy metals along the shores (Alpers, Taylor, Domagalski, 2000).

The hydrograph that is produced (Figure 1) has data that represents both a rural catchment and an urban catchment experiments. Both experiments had a steep rising limb which both had a peak flow event of 1160 millilitres per minute, but the urban catchments peak flow occurred 0.25 minutes earlier (0.75 minutes) than the rural catchments peak flow (1.00 minutes). From here, a sharp falling limb occurs after the peak flows occurrence, with the urban catchments discharge dropping 520 millilitres per minute, and rural catchments discharge drops 514 millilitres per minute. From 1.50 minutes both catchments on the hydrograph have a steady decline, and plateau from 3 minutes until the completion of the simulation.

Tabata et al. (2003) used hydraulic geometry to describe morphodynamics of anastomosing Columbia river. Jain and Sinha (2004) discussed about causative factors and mechanism of fluvial dynamics of anabranching Baghmati river system. In their study they have observed that anabranching phenomena of Baghmati river only occurs along middle river course. The authors suggested that inability to transport high sediment load due to gentle channel slope and dominance of aggradation processes are responsible for anabranching of Baghmati river. Luchi et al. (2007) investigated small alpine river to monitor morphodynamics of channel. Their study reveals that the longitudinal variations in grain size and slope largely determine the braiding intensity of channel thus it signifluences in channel morphodynamics. Schimitt et al. (2007) analysed morphodynamics typology of upper Rhine river basin based on multivariate statistical analysis. Hooke and Yorke, (2010) asserted that the channel morphological changes are not only associated with the spatio-temporal variations in discharge and channel processes but it largely follows the episodic autogenic feedback mechanism. Sinha and Ghosh, (2012) studied dynamics of river channel in eastern Ganga plain. Their study indicates that tectonic tilting, sedimentological readjustments are main causative factors of channel dynamics in the eastern Ganga plain. Nicholas (2013) overviewed morphodynamics diversity of the large alluvial rivers of the world. He