GCSE Geography Coursework Silas Gethin Candidate Number: Water of Leith Spring 2016 Contents 1. Introduction Page 3 2. Location Page 4-6 3. Geographical Theory Page 7- 4. Methodology Page 5. Results and Analysis Page Introduction Research Question: Does the Water of Leith have the same typical river properties confirming to the Bradshaw Model? Aim: The overall aim of the expedition is to compare the residential environments of the three sites along the River Leith. We also compare the River Leith to the Bradshaw model and see if the River Leith does follow the model of a typical river. This is done by measuring 20 sites in 3 river courses, the upper course, the middle course, and the lower course, we then compare these results to the Bradshaw Model and see if the River Leith has the typical properties of a river. We include our analyzing data of How the River Leith Changes downstream? And How the River Leith differs between its upper, middle, and lower course. Background The River Leith runs through Edinburgh to Leith’s port. The river also runs through several hills and hill ranges starting at the Pentland hills, Hypothesis: 1. The further downstream of the River Leith the …show more content…
For example. Waterfalls and potholes are commonly found in the upper course, and are exceedingly rare in the lower course. Meanders and Oxbow lakes are commonly found in the middle course, it is caused by erosion and deposition, these factors causes the river to have a bend during its course. Levees and flood plains are also frequently found in the lower course, there is a larger water volume, therefore floodplains are created to adapt to it’s new features, while features such as meanders will not be affective, as it has a higher chance of flood, and erosion would also change the feature very
The site chosen for this report is the Moolap Waterfront and its hinterland. It is located 5km East of the City Centre of Geelong, South -west of Melbourne, Victoria. The site is generally flat topography with a significant coastal frontage and it’s considered to be a flood prone area.(This should go up)
What is the depth of the river? Is the bottom a freestone? Sand. Clay. Silt.
Our sites (Figure 1.) were spread along the lowest reach of Merri Creek before it runs into the Yarra River. As a direct result of this there is an extensive valley from the constant presence of fluvial processes over geological time. The landform patterns at our sites were extensively governed by the movement and availability of water, with escarpments, gullies, cliffs and spurs of varying steepness all observed.
Now that the definition of stream has been defined and a few of its key characteristics discussed, the specific geographical characteristics of Plaster Creek
The chemical characteristics observed and documented were pH, temperature, phosphate, nitrate, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. Each of these chemical levels were documented and found differently. Most were found using a kit or a device. The numbers found, would tell us how polluted the stream was and how much nutrients were in the water. Each chemical has a scale for telling what a good level is and what a bad level is. If an excess amount of nutrients was found in the water, algae could be formed. When algae is formed it blocks sunlight from shining into the water, which creates dead zones. This is called eutrophication. A dead zone is an area where there is no life. This can cause major problems like population issues and more. If the algae continues to grow in the river, the whole body of water can die out, and people as well as other organisms are very dependent on the Susquehanna. While on the river though, there was an absence of algae, so sunlight is able to get through the water, which is very good.
The River Stinchar and its tributaries, the ferly burn and the Dalquairne burn show patterns which follow the Bradshaw Model to a large extent.
The river plays an important role in North Carolina’s estuaries found in the Albemarle-Pamlico Sound as it dumps its nutrient-dense waters into the estuaries to feed the system. One of only three rivers to be totally contained within North Carolina’s borders, the river has been noted to have the widest mouth in the continental
The mean for 100-year flood at ungauged river sites within the Apalachicola-ChattahoocheeFlint (ACF) River Basin is 8855.824, this value is importance in that it tells us the average of our data. The standard deviation is 5709.88 which gives us the summary the amount by which every value within a dataset varies from the mean. The max value of the data is 33300. As shown in the appendix figure 1 Illustrated Boxplot of the annual peak streamflow of with mean of 8856, the median of 6440, first quartile of 5260, third quartile of 10950, min of 2350 and max of 33300.The correlation coefficient between Peak and zp is 0.8895443 and the correlation coefficient between lnPeak and zp is 0.9829135.Figure 2 illustrated Histogram Plot of Annual Peak
Information that was used to develop my conclusions were relative to the history of Clearwater River such as the average normal discharge of 40,000cfs, the fact that the river can accommodate 55,000cfs before flooding will occur, and that with every increase of 2600cfs the river rises one foot. For example, this information helped to determine that four of the thirteen noted Peak Flood Discharges listed on the worksheet were not at flood stage as the river is able to accommodate discharges less than 55,000cfs. However, nine of the thirteen Peak Flood Discharges listed on the worksheet were at flood stage or drastically above; with the maximum rise of 17.77 feet above and a discharge rate of 101,200cfs. The average discharge rate of the top three noted floods per information on the Stream Gauge Data of Peak Flow Discharges is 93,613cfs, which is resourceful later in determining the extrapolated 75-year flood.
When I observed the stream table I noticed that, the water was moving the sediments so powerful and it made a deep path through the sediments.To explain, the water was powerful enough to move something in seconds while for most children, it takes minutes to even make a distinguished hole in the sand. Also, in the stream table I observed that, the water created a small delta in the “stream “.This means, that even in a small classroom experiment it created a small version of a landform.Adding on, in my stream table observations I also noticed that even though there wasn’t much water so much happened with the sediments.To explain, when Mrs.Rodis poured the water at first it was a very small amount but it impacted the sediments so fast.Water is a very powerful resource it can impact through both weathering and
According to the topographic map of Merri Creek in Clifton Hill( Figure 1), we can identified that the Merri Creek pass an inner plains. This sub-river flows about 60 km from the Great Dividing Range through the northern suburbs of Melbourne to the Yarra River. It is presents on the contour map that the highest elevation is 30 meters and the lowest is 20 meters. There also displayed that the Merri Creek as a boundary, the left hand and the right hand share the similar elevation hight. This kind of landform lead to the Merri Creek crossed by only a few small and weakly incised tributary streams.(Faithfull, n.d.) So this part can have various function, for instance, as a natural park, industrial zone or living area. Besides, the Merri Creek
We only passed a few rivers as most waterways we pasted were creeks. The most common way rivers are formed here are creeks running together making big deep rivers that flow through the country but on the rear occasion you will get a rubber feet by the lake that has overflowed.
Rivers have had enormous amounts of destructive power. They have caused mass floods that have damaged towns and cities surrounding them, and have also caused damage to families, taking lives. With all of this damage that has been caused by rivers though, they have given back, with thriving life and people surrounding them for their beauty and resources. One of the most important things they have done is carve out landscapes, which create legacies to their existence. In fact, these rivers are the largest formers of the Earth’s modern landscape (even in places where it does not seem
Upon the opening of the piece, Barry immediately launches in to using descriptors that go beyond the straightforward details expected from scientific writing. The description of the river’s characteristics as being an “extraordinarily dynamic combination of turbulent effects” reveal the author’s
Seasonal influences may also significantly affect the position of the shoreline indicator relative to the land–water interface (Moore, 2000; Smith et al., 1990). Storminess and short-term shoreline variability are also significant factors that need to be taken into account when assessing longer-term trends of shoreline change (Crowell et al., 1993; Fenster et al., 2001; Honeycutt et al., 2001; List et al., 1999; Morton, 1991; Smith et al., 1990; Zhang et al., 2002). Historical land-based photographs provide general background information to the coastal investigator, such as the presence of a specific morphological feature such as a sand spit or channel entrance. However, most land-based photos are by definition very oblique, with limited information