Marketisation of education is the process of introducing consumer choice and competition into the education system. This was a key feature of the 1988 education reform act by the conservatives, who introduced various policies to create a market force within education.
My first Marketization policy implemented by the 1988 education reform act was the publishing of league tables. This meant schools examination performance results were public and available to view by parents. This was designed to increase competition between schools by forcing them to raise their standards in order to attract parents and pupils. Because of this good schools attracted more parents – giving them an advantage when it comes to selecting pupils Another consequence of this was also avoiding taking less able pupils who are likely to contribute poor results to the school. These two processes ensure the ‘good’ schools stand out and look better continuing the cycle
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For example, when New Labour came into power they largely continued with these Marketisation policies but also implemented new ones to reduce some of the inequalities being caused. One example is the introduction of EMA – Educational Maintenance Allowance. This was weekly payments paid to students in sixth form from low income backgrounds, in an attempt to keep them in further education to improve their employability prospects. Another policy implemented by new labour was Educational Action Zones – designating poorly performing schools and providing them with additional resources. Finally, the aim higher programme was also established, to raise the aspirations of groups who are under-represented in the education system. Some are critical of these policies, arguing that they are contradictory to the much larger, more significant and influential Marketisation policies that were in
2. Rationale behind Marketisation of Care 2.1 Definition of marketisation of care Marketisation is a worldwide trend across the field of social welfare, such as education (Ntshoe, 2004; Lowrie and Hemsley-Brown, 2011), health care (Collyer and White, 2011), voluntary/charity organisations (Cunningham, et al., 2013; Mckay, et al., 2015), and elder care and childcare (Brennan, et al., 2012). As Drakeford (2007) proposed, the marketisation of welfare has various forms, including ownership transforming
generally do better than working class students in educational achievement. Some sociologists argue that this is due to three key factors. Labelling, subcultures and marketisation. This focuses on things that occur internally. One of these key factors is labelling. To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to someone. An example of this would be that teachers often apply labels to students on the basis of their behaviour or appearance. Becker found some evidence behind this after he did
Introduction Education evolves with greater knowledge of the field, social contexts, institutions and political ideologies. The trend over the last couple of decades has been toward a neoliberal approach to education (Meadmore, 2004; Welch, 2010; Thompson & Harbaught, 2013). While proponents of this system have suggested it is without values (Hill & Kumar, 2008), this is not the case. Therefore, it is important to address the why and what of neoliberal values in the context of education. It is also
In Australia, access to welfare is shaped by legislation and government policies. These policies happen gradually, are often relatively slow, and occur when different Australian political parties retain leadership. These changes in legislation may occur slowly, however they can have major impacts on the Australian welfare service users. In Australia, by the end of the 1970’s, neoliberalism as a political ideology had started to gain prominence in society due to the influences of the Reagan (United
achievement that have been examined so far suggest that pupils’ progress is influenced by factors over which they have little control. Yet the most obvious place to look for explanations is within the education system. Schools play an important role in determining the success of failure of an individual’s education. There are many factors which lead to the under achievement for some people, these fall under three main categories Genetic, External and Internal. The focus of my essay will be to outline factors
material from Item A and elsewhere, assess the claim that the main aim of education policies in the last 25 years have been to create an education market Over the last 25 years many policies have been introduced in education. Some critic’s say that an education market has been created but others disagree and say that the policies have helped create equality of opportunity. Marketisation policies have been introduced, some examples are league tables and open enrolment, these aim to increase competition
Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management Vol. 30, No. 3, August 2008, 215–229 Globalisation and higher education funding policy shifts in Kenya Gerald Wangenge-Ouma* Faculty of Education, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa This paper identifies, examines and discusses higher education funding policy shifts that have taken place in Kenya. The paper argues that even though Kenya’s higher education funding policy shifts, from free higher education to cost-sharing, and
following in a campus newspaper, the Maroon Tiger 1947, “It seems to me that education has a two-fold function in the life of man and in society: the one is utility and the other is culture” (King, 1947). This essay will analyse via the sociological imagination, ‘whose interests does schooling serve and why?’ In addressing this question, one needs to discuss why is an education so valued in Australia today. Education has had three phases of development according, to Van Krieken, 2013. Each phase
popular with governments around the world, as they try to measure the performance of their country’s education system. The main reason for this trend is the shared opinion that countries will need to be able to compete in the ‘knowledge economy’ to assure the economic wellbeing of their citizens. Whilst benchmark indicators of knowledge economy ‘supply’ variables, such as investment in education as a proportion of GDP, have been available for a long time, countries had no way of comparing the effect
educational imagination and the sociology of education in Australia. The Australian Educational Researcher, 40, 155-171. This article examines several key components and issues within sociology of education past and present, with the eventual intention to achieve interruption of the replication of social and educational inequality in Australia. It highlights the significance of “educational imagination”, which focuses on the multidimensional nature of education, the complexity of interactions of historical
The 1988 education reform act This essay will explore the 1988 Education reform act by looking at past, during and after ramifications that the act brought . These will include the view that the 1988 Education Reform Act is influential in terms of controlling and progressing schools further could be seen as decisive, one reason being it could be a means of achieving control of the curriculum and the assessment, enabling them to progress and monitor their spending control, as well as the rise in
The other two groups were seated further away and mainly consisted of working class pupils They were given lower level books to read and fewer opportunities to demonstrate their abilities for example when the teacher asked the pupils to read, those labelled the cardinals and clowns had to read as a group and not as individuals. David Gillborn and Deborah Youdell’s study (2001) adopts a different approach and instead shows how the school uses
Post bureaucracy and the politics of forgetting The management of change at the BBC, 1991-2002 Martin Harris University of Essex, Colchester, UK, and Victoria Wegg-Prosser Bournemouth University, Dorset, UK Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the imputed “fall” and subsequent “reinvention” of the BBC during the 1990s, relating a managerialist “politics of forgetting” to the broader ideological narratives of “the post bureaucratic turn”. Design/methodology/approach
Theoretical perspective on education Gender and education: From a sociological viewpoint, refers to the thought that the educational structure does not offer females the equal sort of opportunities for upward mobility, the same as it does for males. This is a form of sex inequity being applied in the education system affect women both for the duration of and after their educational practices Social stratification Theory First of all it is important to understand that in the whole world
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE ACT 2012 The Health and Social Care Act 2012 came into force with crucial principles including new structures and arrangements in health care services to safeguard and strengthen the future of NHS and maintain the modernisation plan. In this Act, many new changes has been made to a number of existing Acts, National Health Services Act (NHS 2006), in order to enable health care system to tackle the existing challenges and also avoid any potential crisis in future. It has