SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) is first developed and deployed on North America. It transfers multiple digital bit streams and it is standardized multiplexing protocol. It works at physical layer (layer 1) that supports the high transmission rates (155 Mbps to 10 Gbps) needed in metro applications. SONET network speeds currently range from OC-1 (51.84 Mbps) to OC-192 (9953.28 Mbps). SONET serves as a backbone transport for other technologies such as ATM and Ethernet. Optical fiber signal Service providers have offered SONET services for some time. SONET networks benefits include high-speed network services that meet voice-transport requirements as well as survivability and availability needs. Also, it allows precise rapid failover …show more content…
SONET is a one kind of multiplexing way for different signals. Sometime, SONET describe a technology which is useful to carry signals in different capacities through flexible and optical hierarchy.
Make an integrated summary (~350 Words) of SDH (12 points)
Answer: SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy) is developed later (means SONET developed first) and deployed on rest of the world except North America. Today, SDH and SONET are used widely and SDH is greater worldwide market penetration than SONET. SONET and SDH have same qualities as, they communicate through circuit mode from different sources. SDH signals transmitted via satellite paths or sometimes via radio link and its transmitted quickly when mobile network is on. The SDH standard uses the synchronous transport module (STM) frame format. It transfers multiple digital bit streams and it is standardized multiplexing protocol. It works at physical layer. With a few exceptions, we can say that SDH can be a superset of SONET. The ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) was clarified The SDH standard and is formalized as ITU (International Telecommunications Union) standards G.707, G.783, G.784, and G.803. It is one of the TDM (Time division multiplexing) technologies. TDM employs a single wavelength across a fiber. Data is divided into channels so that multiple channels can travel across a single fiber.
The time is taken by the STM-1 frame for
Held, G. (1999). Data communications networking devices: Operation, utilization, and LAN and WAN internetworking. Chichester: Wiley.
In Sherman Alexie’s poem “The Facebook Sonnet” Alexie brings up a controversy, over all social media because it absorbs society into the depths of dark unknowns and prevents physical face to face communication. Even though Facebook allows people to stay up to date with friends, whether they be new or deep-rooted, the platform tears its users away from substantial social interaction with others. People can connect to the world by the click of the mouse and know what is going on at any given time. Social media requires ones everlasting attention, and the addiction is almost comparable to that of a cigarette, one cannot give it up and is always thinking about when one can check it again. People become so caught up in trying to perceive what everyone else is doing, they forget that they have a reality to live and fail to maintain real relationships. “The Facebook Sonnet” belittles the social media platform by emphasizing how obsessed society is with making themselves look perfect for the screen. One is either gripping to their past or obsessing over the present.
“Sonnet 116” written by William Shakespeare is focusing on the strength and true power of love. Love is a feeling that sustainable to alterations, that take place at certain points in life, and love is even stronger than a breakup because separation cannot eliminate feelings. The writer makes use of metaphors expressing love as a feeling of mind not just heart as young readers may see it. To Shakespeare love is an immortal felling that is similar to a mark on a person’s life.
In sonnet 95, the speaker depicts a paternal feeling while speaking to the addressee, where indeed the poet reminds his audience about way appearance can be so deceiving. The young man is relying on his good appearance to veil his sexual immorality. Being that he is handsome and attractive, people are reluctant to disapprove his behavior. In the first quadrant, the poet employs different stylistic devices, which include simile, as the young man is likened to a fragrant rose, and on the other hand, he is compared to a destructive worm, but all his dark side of life is hidden under his good looking and charming nature. What is important about this poem is the manner in which the speaker reminds the young man about his bad behavior and draws examples that makes him feel sorry about what he does behind his good-looking nature. By the use of diction, imagery, diction, images, metaphors and other figures of speech, such as tone of voice, allusions, syntax and structure of the speech, the speaker warns the young man against his sexual immorality, and reminds him that there are detrimental risks associated with his behavior if he does not change.
Donne even goes so far as to command God to destroy the person he has
Edmund Spenser’s Sonnet 67 is one of 85 sonnets from Amoretti which was written about his courtship of Elizabeth Boyle. Spenser and Boyle were married in 1594. Sonnet 67 uses a hunting themed metaphor common in 16th century England comparing the woman to a deer and the man to a huntsman in pursuit. Sonnet 67 appears to have been inspired by an earlier work by Petrarch, Rima 190, but with a different ending. In this paper we will take an in depth look at this work, also commonly referred to as “ Lyke as a Huntsman”.
The sonnet, being one of the most traditional and recognized forms of poetry, has been used and altered in many time periods by writers to convey different messages to the audience. The strict constraints of the form have often been used to parallel the subject in the poem. Many times, the first three quatrains introduce the subject and build on one another, showing progression in the poem. The final couplet brings closure to the poem by bringing the main ideas together. On other occasions, the couplet makes a statement of irony or refutes the main idea with a counter statement. It leaves the reader with a last impression of what the author is trying to say.
A lot of people in society believe going to social media for their problems is the way to
In "Sonnet 73", the speaker uses a series of metaphors to characterize what he perceives to be the nature of his old age. This poem is not simply a procession of interchangeable metaphors; it is the story of the speaker slowly coming to grips with the finality of his age and his impermanence in time.
the first of the two lines he uses the word ‘mark’ which means buoy to
Edgar Allen Poe's "Sonnet- to Science" is an example of how the structure of a poem can both aid and hinder the poet in communicating his or her thoughts. Usually, when the poet chooses to structure his poem in the form of a sonnet, he is, through his speaker, asking a question and reaching an answer. In this poem, however, the speaker, probably a young poet, questions Science but reaches no conclusion. Poe uses the English sonnet to communicate his youthful speaker's feelings of disdain for science and facts as opposed to mythology and fantasy, which inspire poetic musings. He implores Science as to why "she" must impose her "dull realities" on the hearts of poets like himself, squelching their
In modern times, youth and beauty is an image seen everywhere. For example, a Versace billboard, magazine ad, TV commercial, all of which displays images of beautiful people. But what happens when this beauty fades? Shakespeare in his 12th sonnet talks about his experience and fading beauty. The purpose of this poem is to encourage a young man to not lose his beauty to the ravages of time. In order to do this, one must reproduce so beauty will live.
The majority of Elizabethan sonnets reflect two major themes: time and love. William Shakespeare, too, followed this convention, producing 154 sonnets, many of which deal with the usual theme of love. Because the concept of love is in itself so immense, Shakespeare found several ways to capture the essence of his passion. Therefore, in his poetry he explored various methods and used them to describe the emotions associated with his love for a mysterious "dark lady." These various ideas and views resulted in a series of sonnets that vibrantly depicts his feelings of true, undying love for his lady. Instead of making the topic less interesting, as some might expect, Shakespeare's myriad approaches
During the Renaissance period, most poets were writing love poems about their lovers/mistresses. The poets of this time often compared love to high, unrealistic, and unattainable beauty. Shakespeare, in his sonnet 18, continues the tradition of his time by comparing the speakers' love/mistress to the summer time of the year. It is during this time of the year that the flowers and the nature that surround them are at there peak for beauty. The theme of the poem is to show the speakers true interpretation of beauty. Beauties worst enemy is time and although beauty might fade it can still live on through a person's memory or words of a poem. The speaker realizes that beauty, like the subject of the poem, will remain perfect not in the
has the gentle heart of a woman but is not inconsistent as is the way