Essay On F1first Filial Generation

First Cross: The fact that all F1 offspring are black suggests that the parents of the first

Calculate the ratios of the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring in the F1 generation.

Table 2 shows the phenotypes of the F1 flies produced by crossing P1 wild-type males and P1 no-winged females. The results of that cross was that there was fifty nine wild-type females and forty one males. Therefore there was a total of one hundred wild-type flies produced from crossing P1 true breeding wild-type males and P1 true breeding virgin

One piece of evidence I have to prove my claim is Sam’s family. Sam is a boy who has sickle-cell anemia (A disorder that causes your cells to be disfigured). Both of his parents did not have sickle-cell anemia, but his grandmother on his father’s side does, as well as his grandfather on his mother’s side. All of Sam’s siblings do not have sickle-cell anemia either. This piece of evidence proves my point that each offspring receives one allele from each parent. Sam’s parents both received a sickle-cell and non-sickle cell gene from their parents, so they each have one of each gene. Then they each passed their sickle-cell genes to Sam, so that is why he has sickle-cell disease. This shows that Sam go two genes from his parents, and that getting a trait is not automatic.

Typically, when true bred parents (homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive) are crossed the F2 generation of that cross will produce a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1 based on Mendel’s laws of inheritance that genes assort independently of each other and that alleles separate from each other during mitosis and meiosis. (Badano & Katsanis, 2002). Based on this knowledge, it was hypothesized that the F2 generation of fruit flies in the vial would produce a 9:3:3:1 ratio and the null hypothesis stated that there would be no deviation between the observed and expected results of the 9:3:3:1

Genetics is a captivating but difficult subject for students. Lab experiments like ‘Gummy Bear Genetics’ can aid in needed areas of genetics. Student can often observe the phenotypes in gummy bears, but when trying to visualize which parental genes that are represented in a cross-bred first (F1) generation can be challenging. In this experiment, students worked in small groups to determine the parental (P) generations of 196 gummy bears. The gummy bear candy appealed to student appetites and the chosen phenotypic characteristic were easy to choose because gummy bears come in numerous colors (red, green, orange, yellow and colorless). Students will be able to establish which genetic information, including genotype, phenotype, dominant traits, and recessive traits, were passed from the P generation to the F1 generation

There were eight different phenotypes among the progeny. The highest phenotypic frequency was the w+m+f+ at 40% of the progeny. The lowest was the w+mf+ with only 2 % of the progeny (Table 3). The sum of the recombinant frequencies between genes, table 4, was used to determine the gene distance. The recombinant frequency was determined by counting the number of individuals whose genes differed from that of the parental type. For example, how many individuals white eye gene, and miniature wing gene, differed from both wild-type or both mutants. Recombination occurred between the white and miniature gene 33 times. Recombination occurred between the miniature and the forked genes 31 times. Recombination occurred between the white and forked genes 44 time. Double recombination occurred 10 times. Therefore, genes w and f are 64 m.u. apart, m and w are 33 m.u. apart, and m and f are 31 m.u. apart (Figure

Inherited genetic variations may result from new genetic combinations through meiosis, nondisjunction errors occurring during cell division and through mutations in the DNA of egg and sperm cells.

You are also provided with a heterozygous female, and a homozygous recessive male for a genetic cross. In this particular female, all the dominant alleles are on one chromosome, and the recessive counterparts are on the other homologous chromosome. Due to a chromosomal condition, in the female no recombination occurs between the M and N loci. Normal recombination occurs between the L and M loci. Diagram this cross, and show the genotypes and frequencies of all offspring expected from this cross.

This experiment looks at the relationship between genes, generations of a population and if genes are carried from one generation to another. By studying Drosophila melanogaster, starting with a parent group we crossed a variety of flies and observe the characteristics of the F1 generation. We then concluded that sex-linked genes and autosomal genes could indeed be traced through from the parent generation to the F1 generation.

Offspring differ somewhat from their parents and from one another. Instructions for development are passed from parents to offspring in thousands of discrete genes, each of which is now known to be a segment of a molecule of DNA. This essay will explore some of the reasons behind how and why these differences in appearance arise, from the base sequence of DNA through to the observed phenotype.

This Punnet Square represents the F1 offspring breeding with each other to create more offspring. This second set of offspring is the F2 generation. If both parents are heterozygous dominant, then the offspring expected would be: 50% heterozygous dominant, 25% homozygous dominant and 25% homozygous recessive.

For each pair of traits crossed, one alternative was not expressed in the F1 hybrids, although it reappeared in some F2 individuals

Much of how an individual turns out to be is not only dependant on the genes in which their parents have passed down to them, but also due to the family structure in which they were raised by.

Understanding genetics may be a little confusing. Sharing one half of genetic material from the mother and the other half from