The problem that the researchers intended to study was clearly stated. In problem that existed is that due to favouritism, nepotism and cronyism the vacancies and job opportunities in Pakistan are not being fulfilled base on the applicant’s qualification, experience and other necessary skills. The problem is of practical importance, because it helps to determine the significant impact that favouritism, nepotism and cronyism within the working environment of the public sector organizations of Pakistan. The purpose of the study, as stated in the abstract, is to “examine the effects of favouritism, nepotism and cronyism on job satisfaction in the public sector organizations of Pakistan. The research paper also hopes to determine the validity of the following three hypothesis:
1. Favouritism will have a negative relationship on job satisfaction
2. Nepotism will have a negative relationship on job satisfaction
3. Cronyism will have a negative relationship on job satisfaction Key terms that exist within the research paper are clearly identified and defined. These key terms are nepotism, favouritism, cronyism, job satisfaction and public sector organization.
Review of Literature
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The data were quantitative data and was represented in a tabular form. The data collected has disproved the original hypothesis as it was discovered that favouritism, nepotism and cronyism all have a positive effect on job satisfaction, in the Pakistan. The result may be due to certain limitation that limited the effectiveness of the research. Perhaps the two major weakness that resulted in the hypothesis being disproved are the study was not conducted from the organizational point of view, but from the employees point of view and also that the study was conducted within the public sector, and may have led to different result should it have been conducted within the private
I believe that it is important to understand that job satisfaction has an impact on job performance. In my personal experiences I have seen management completely oblivious to the concerns of their staff that had a negative impact on job satisfaction. The text cites 300 studies that found that organizations with
There are five major components of job satisfaction, one being monetary benefits (Ghillyer 2010). According to Ghillyer (2012) an employee’s behavior towards their pay may affect their work performance. The issue that arises with employee motivation is that management is unable to satisfy all (Ghillyer 2010). This becomes an even larger problem when employees being joining unions, resigning and being frequently absent (Ghillyer 2010).
During the November 2000 presidential elections, two children tried to make daddy proud. First there was Albert Gore Jr. – the son of a powerful and respected senator of Tennessee – who was no stranger to politics and privilege. As a child he attended the prestigious St. Alban’s School and while growing up, it was common to see then Vice President Richard Nixon as a guest at the family dinner table. Then there was George W. Bush – a third-generation politician, with his grandfather a former senator, his brother the governor of Florida, and his father being former president. The November 2000 presidential elections would become the battle of dynastic supremacy. Whose silver spoon was
The clear and concise abstract of the article makes it clear that this is no simple task. The thesis was clearly stated multiple times and discussed. The author used research articles to explain the neglected connections between political power and organizational forms. Another strength of the article was the organization. The literature review was detailed and clearly written. Finally, the author provided an ample about of research to explain each respective category throughout the
Personal characteristics of workers also has an impact on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction increases age. Whites have greater job satisfaction than non-whites. The level of education is slightly negatively related to job satisfaction. If personal skills and abilities are not required by a job, job satisfaction decreases. When a person is more adjusted personally, they will be more satisfied with work. Most of all having a job with decent and fair wage may be the most important variable to job satisfaction. High job satisfaction is associated with low turnover and low absenteeism and with high commitment. Although the evidence is not conclusive, high job satisfaction is associated with high performance and prosocial behaviors.
Aramanda wanted to be supportive of a certain degree of open communication culture, which was manifested by a requirement for the employees to nominate their colleagues for newly created job posts. This approach was also constructed to represent Aramanda’s interests and to manipulate employee attitudes and behaviours. The nomination process aimed to take advantage of knowledge in the network or informal skills that perhaps could have been difficult to be evaluated by an outsider. The outcome however proved to be different than anticipated, as it created a negative feeling amongst the employees. Furthermore, one of the reasons for hiring consultants in the first place was to take advantage of their impartiality and independence from office politics.
Have you ever wondered what role politics and power play in organizations? When used effectively they can be compatible in reaching the organizations goals. Power is defined as the ability to get someone to do something you want done or the ability to make things happen in the way you want them. (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, Chap. 15). Power is important within organizations because it is the way in which management influences individuals to make things happen. When power and influence combine, most of the time 'politics' become involved in some manner which may pose some problems. Organizational politics is best described as management influenced by self-interest through the use
‘Political Administrators’ by Aminullah Chaudry is famous book, first published in 2011 is the story of Civil Service of Pakistan. This book chronically examines the history of bureaucracy in Pakistan and the factors which led to the institutional decay in major institutions of Pakistan. The writer thematically explains that how the oscillation between democracy and dictatorship in Pakistan caused a serious damage to the traditional culture of Pakistan Civil Services which it inherited from Indian Civil services.
This scholarly article is by Randall S. Davis from Miami University. Davis wanted to figure out whether or not people who had ties with unions would have a higher level of job satisfaction. However, this article and its research narrowed down its research by looking only into the public sector section. In terms of furthering defining and narrowing down the concept of ‘job satisfaction’, Davis looked into two workplace attributes: “perceptions of higher red tape and greater public service motivation.” Red tape, referring to the strict and bureaucratic formality of rules and regulations that public sectors are known to set.
Job satisfaction is the very important factor in general quality of life because it is closely connected with working life (e.g. Argyle, 1989; Bang & Lee, 2006), with family life, everyday life, and mental health (Orpen, 1978; Schmitt and Bedeian, 1982; Faragher, Cass & Cooper, 2005). Level of job satisfaction is also highly related to turnover, absenteeism rate, work productivity or accomplishment (Muchinsky, 1977; Organ, 1977). Many researchers (e.g. Cherrington, 1994; Acorn, Ratner & Crawford, 1997; Ostroff, 1992; Spector, 1997) state that employees who experience high job satisfaction contribute to organisational commitment, job involvement, their physical, mental health and overall well-being are improved. Job dissatisfaction on the
The unlawful use of a person’s position while in power leads to multiple problems with today’s government. The corrupt methods politicians use are ideas that are strictly in place for personal gain. Present throughout history and still prevalent within today’s world, government corruption has consisted of a number of negative issues including bribery, economic and social impacts, and the misuse of power. Government’s role within daily life has been shown to have negative effects as seen in many aspects of life as well as in literature.
After accompanied a research about employees’ job dissatisfaction in general companies and for Delta Company, I have recognized some proofs based on questionnaire and articles. There is a level of job satisfaction for each individual and each job performed. These problems happen when people are not happy with their jobs. This research will support or help the company to increase their employees’ satisfaction level of their job. As we found employees’ were dissatisfied in almost all areas, while a few of employees satisfied ratios were approximately of employees’ dissatisfaction ratios, but still less than employees’ dissatisfaction.
A career in the public sector can be described as: honorable, rewarding, yet very demanding. A broad yet primary role that public employees are expected to fulfill is to effectively and efficiently service the public. In order to successfully fulfill these honorable positions employers must ensure that they are implementing and executing adequate processes, procedures, and tools in order to measure whether or not individuals are qualified candidates. When tasked with such an essential duty it is vital that there are specific programs, procedures, and assessments incorporated to guarantee that qualified, educated, skillful, and dedicated employees are being selected equitably. In addition, this will provide assurance and protection for both the employer and potential employee. When tasked to hire a new employee for any public organization that is mid-level and supervisory in nature there are a few things that must be established to assure the most desirable outcome and to guarantee that both personal and organizational needs are being met and those are as follows: establishing a clear and concise job description, developing recruitment and selection techniques, providing continuous training, and making sure that routine performance appraisals are carried out. The purpose of this essay is to provide and in-depth discussion of each of these factors and to educate its readers on why they play a significant role in the success of a new hire for a public organization.
The purpose of this report is to summarize the methodologies and design used by various groups of research authors in the study of relationships between intrinsic, extrinsic, demographic factors that will impact the levels of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in employees of various sectors of an organization. This report will contain information about the sample and research procedure. In addition, this report will look at the instruments involved, how the data is analyzed and last but not least, the solutions and recommendations at the summary of this report. Several surveys are available about different organization found from the research authors, for example, ‘Impact of Demographic Variables on Job-Satisfaction of the Academicians in Universities of NWFP, Pakistan (Saif-ud-Din et al. 2010)’, ‘Are United States Business Journalists Happy? A Survey of Business Journalists ' Job Satisfaction and Related Demographic and Career Factors’ by (Hu 2005)’, ‘Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and job characteristics of managers: Examining the relationships across selected demographic variables (Schneider 2003)’, and similar studies done by (Mpeka 2003) on the relevant topic.
Employee satisfaction were based on some aspects which is supervision, ergonomics, the safety policies of the workplace, the condition of the workplace , the employee salary and interpersonal relation that exist in the workplace. These results have been helpful for anticipating representative turnover and hierarchical adequacy.