Equilibrium Lab

In order to fulfil the labs purpose, the lab was split into two parts. The first part consisted of measuring and determining the freezing point depression of the solution water. The second part consisted of measuring and determining the freezing point depression of a solution that consisted of water and an unknown solute.

To use the ideal gas law, the atmospheric pressure was adjusted for due to the lower pressure in the buret when compared to the outer atmospheric pressure. This unequalization of pressures, although corrected, may still be slightly off, thus potentially causing later calculation error when using the ideal gas law to solve for the moles of CO2.

Introduction: Chemical reactions are dependent upon two factors: temperature and concentrations of substance. We can monitor the rate at which a chemical decomposes or the rate at which a chemical substance appears. In this experiment we will be measuring the rate of decomposition of hydrogen dioxide with the following reaction:

The main focus of this lab was to measure different tonicities. Tonicity is the concentration of the solute particle mixed with the solvent inside the cell versus said the concentration of solute and solvent outside the cell (Mader 50). There are three different types of tonicity measurements. One type of tonicity is called isotonic. This means that the solution has an equal concentration of solute and solvent both outside and inside the cell (Mader 50). This means that the concentration is in an equilibrium. The second tonicity is called hypertonic. This type of solution has less free water outside of the cell and a higher concentration of the solute particle. Water exits the cell in order to balance the concentration inside and outside the

Procedure: Using distilled water, premeasured containers and objects determine displacement of fluids and density of objects. Use ice and heat measure temperatures in Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.

-The more dissolved oxygen in the water, the more fish is observed in that area of water.

6-3: This process is used by cells to manufacture _biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products__

b. Place crushed ice in the beaker so the water level is just below the top of the

The results of the 7-week experiment failed to reject the hypothesis that the fruit fly population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. In Hardy- Weinberg Equilibrium, we expect 25% of the flies to be ebony and 75% to be wildtype. Wildtype flies in appearance covered both homozygous dominant flies and heterozygous flies because the dominant allele overtakes the recessive allele. Ebony flies had to be homozygous recessive for the ebony allele. Our results were close to the expected in that we had more wildtype flies than ebony flies.

Table 1 we see that the numbers are relatively the same, because the law of conservation momentum principle the total momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after and we see this in the data.

An object that has rotational equilibrium, or is balances, has a net torque of 0. The torque of an object is directly proportional to the distance from the applied force to the pivot point, the applied force and its angle; and the formula is T=F*d*sinθ. In this laboratory, we unbalanced and balanced a meter stick by hanging different masses from different distance of the pivot point. In addition, the mass of the meter stick was found using the torque formula.

The volume of carbon dioxide gas produced from a reaction was measured in order to determine what carbonate sample was used. A gas assembly apparatus was used to capture the gas from a reaction between an unknown carbonate and 6M hydrochloric acid; three trials were performed. The mass of the unknown carbonate was determined, and the reaction occurred in a test tube. The volume of gas produced by the reaction was measured, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was calculated after the partial pressure of water vapor was determined using Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures. The percent mass of carbon dioxide gas was then calculated, and the average mass percent was compared to the table of known carbonates. It was concluded that the unknown carbonate sample used in the reaction was magnesium carbonate.

Put white paper on surface and put acetate on white paper. Measure and record weight of ice cube. Plug in light, place ice cube under light. Start timer, when 10 minutes has passed stop timer.

After 5 min passed the plastic container created a thin layer of ice surrounding the container.

Aim: The aim of the lab “Chemical Equilibrium” is to observe the effects of changes in concentrations of products and reactants on the position of the equilibrium of given chemical reactions.