Epidemiology, Transmission, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, And Treatment

Using the information found in the Gram Negative Enteric Baccilli and Gram Positive Cocci Reference books,

Bacteria, single-cell microorganisms, are found all over the planet. Some can be beneficial to their enviroment, while others can be pathogenic. Enterococcus faecalis is a resilient bacterium that resides in the intestinal tract of humans and mammals. Due to their ability to colonize at a rapid rate, E. faecalis cause a multitude of infections. To determine an unknown bacteria, one gram stain and two biochemical tests, a catalase and RBC hemolysis test, were performed. The gram stain showed gram-positive cocci bacteria, which lead to the catalase test. The test for

Escherichia coli are rod shaped, gram negative bacteria often found in the gut of humans and other warm-blooded mammals (Jacques & Ngo, 2004). It is transmitted primarily through faecal contaminated food and water. Most strains of E. coli are not harmful to humans, however some strains are pathogenic and can cause symptoms including diarrhoea (Unknown, 2012).

Escherichia coli are gram negative, rod shaped bacteria that are often used in laboratory studies and are usually harmless, residing in the human digestive tract as part of the normal flora. E. coli 0157:H7 is a pathogenic strain of E. coli that was first identified as a cause of disease in the United States in 1982, during an investigation into an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness. The organism is also called enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) because it causes abdominal pain with diarrhea that may contain blood. It lives in the intestines of healthy cattle and can contaminate meat during slaughter. It is believed that the widespread use of antibiotics by American farmers has

The disease had many different causes, some of which were the Yersinia Pestis bacterium which was

HIV/AIDS is a worldwide phenomenon that has affected many people and killed millions of others over time because of it. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS over a period of time, HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS stands for Auto immune deficiency syndrome. A sexually transmitted disease that has affected many people and altered many lives and a disease that I hope one day can have a cure to help those many people still living today that live with either of these diseases. More people need to be aware of this and continue on using protection when involved with sexual partners. Over time we have learned much more about it now and it is not like before that many people were afraid to be in contact with

Typhus is a disease caused by a genus of bacteria known as Rickettsia, which has been around since the late fifteenth century. Up until the twentieth century, it had impacted the world in both a negative and positive way. It killed off a lot of civilians and troops, but has also helped places advance more in medicine. Historically, typhus did a lot of damage to Europe. Not only was Europe as a whole damaged, but the population living within Europe was damaged as well. Finding out you have typhus must be the most awful feeling in the world. Especially because it’s essentially life or death, if it’s not treated on time or correctly.

In the article Asthma: Versatile Treatment for A Versatile Disease by Kevin R. Murphy, he discusses the many factors that affect asthma and how inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) are used for all different levels of asthma. Kevin R. Murphy brings up factors such as air pollution and smoking that contribute to the variable nature of asthma which affect people with asthma every day. I will be evaluating the points that Kevin R. Murphy made about the factors that affect asthma and how versatile treatment is for asthma.

In the year, 2005 a major outbreak of the bacterium E. coli perished in the South Wales and more than 157 people were affected by this bacterium, which mainly included the children. The reason found out behind this incident was connected with a meat supplier who used to serve the local schools and old age homes. A five-year-old child lost his life during the course of this outbreak. Therefore, this paper is written with the aim of exploring the outbreak of E. coli in South Wales, to witness the actual reasons of the diseases, the difficulties that arise during the course of the event and to give a look on the things that this incident has taught us.

Microbes have several virulence factors to help evade the immune response and reproduce such as capsules. These capsules or polysaccharide matrixes aid survival through antigenic masking that protects the microbe against immune barriers and allows them to reproduce and infect a susceptible host. Many microorganisms including Clostridium botulinum also produce heat resistant endospores that are difficult to eradicate and aid transmission; Clostridium botulinum is able to enter the food chain and produce a botulinum toxin to create a common – source epidemic. Other microbes such as Bacillus anthracis can produce spores that are hard to eradicate and are used for air – borne transmission. Some pathogenic organisms including Staphylococcus aureus are also developing an innate resistance to antibiotic treatment. This prolongs the treatment and gives the microbe additional time to infect more susceptible hosts and establish

The world as a whole should be mortified by what is happening in Sub-Saharan Africa. In places like Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho poverty, crime and systematic corruption are the tinder for the fire that is the HIV epidemic in Africa.

Yersinia Pestis, is a bacilli shaped capsular antigen and is able to show pigmentation on select culture media (9). It is from the

The Center for Infectious Diseases Division of Communicable Disease Control, an Immunization Branch Senate Bill 277 was signed by Governor Brown on June 30, 2015. Effective one year from now in July 2016, SB 277 will no longer permit immunization exemptions based on personal beliefs for children in child care and public and private schools; permit personal belief exemptions submitted before January 1, 2016 to remain valid until a pupil reaches kindergarten or 7th grade.

“Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems (WHO, 2015)”. “Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations: surveillance and descriptive studies can be used to study distribution; analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2015)”.This paper discusses about epidemiology of HIV infection, including factors that contribute the development of the disease, epidemiologic triangle, role of community health nurse and the national organization that address the communicable disease.

Of the many diseases spread by insects, none are actually caused by the insects themselves but by other organisms passed on when they feed or bite. Insects are capable of spreading diseases caused by many different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, protozoan and others. Mosquitoes have earned the title of "the most deadly creature on earth." This is due to the fact that they spread serious epidemic diseases such as Malaria, Yellow Fever, African Sleeping Sickness, and West Nile Virus.