Enzyme Lab Report

This unique shape of an enzyme causes specification and limits the type of substances that can bind to the enzyme’s active site. The active site is the site where the chemical reaction will take place and the substance or substances that bind to the active site are called substrates.

Enzymes combine with reactant molecules (substrate) and bind them closely to one another. The three-dimensional shape of the enzyme molecule must be complementary to the shape of the substrate.

Enzymes are proteins that act as a catalyst in bringing about specific biochemical reactions when met with particular substrates. Substrates will merge into a suitable area of the enzyme called an active site – this becomes the enzyme/substrate complex. Once the substrate is attached to the active site, the substrate will undergo a procedure where the substrate is modified and released as a product. There are different types of this that can occur, where either a chemical bond is broken in a substrate to produce two separate products; as in the ‘Induced-Fit’ model illustrated in figure 1.a. Chemical bonds can also be built between two substrates to produce a single product.

Introduction: Enzymes are essential protein molecules that are used by living organisms to survive (Appleby 2014). They perform chemical reactions with such efficiency that life in the cell is sustainable (Appleby 2014). Without the specialized function to speed up chemical reactions quickly, cells would not be able to live. Also, enzymes do get used up after catalyzation. Every enzyme has a spot on its surface called the active site (Appleby 2014).

Enzymes have things called ‘Active Sites’ this the spot where substrates bind and chemical reaction takes place. Each enzyme has a different shape, this allows the enzyme to receive only one type of

If the substrate molecules are still present, then the enzyme may repeat the reaction. The shape of the enzyme is maintained by the interaction between the amino acids that compose it. Two factors that can affect the shape of the enzyme are pH level and temperature. If the shape of the enzyme is altered the enzyme may no longer be able to catalyse reactions. Each enzyme functions best within a certain pH range.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions, without being used up or changed. Catalase is a globular protein molecule that is found in all living cells. A globular protein is a protein with its molecules curled up into a 'ball' shape. All enzymes have an active site. This is where another molecule(s) can bind with the enzyme. This molecule is known as the substrate. When the substrate binds with the enzyme, a product is produced. Enzymes are specific to their substrate, because the shape of their active site will only fit the shape of their substrate. It is said that the substrate is complimentary to their substrate.

Enzymes are proteins that either speed up a chemical reaction without being used in a process in other words it is also catalyze (Jacklet 1998). They have different regions on its surface called an active site where it can recognize one or more molecules (Jacklet 1998). Enzymes are the main reason for living cells chemical reactions to stay alive (Jacklet 1998). Substrate chemically attracts the active site to bind and form short lived partnership the enzyme substrate complex (Jacklet 1998). When the reaction has occurred the substrate has

    In order to generate chemical reactions, enzymes must bind to a substrate. A substrate is a specific reactant that an enzyme acts upon in order to generate product. A substrate binds to the active site on the enzyme, which is a groove or cavity on the surface of the enzyme in which the substrate flawlessly fits. Active sites are typically composed of amino acids from various portions of the polypeptide chains that are drawn together in the tertiary structure of the folded protein (Enzymes). Each type of enzyme can only bind with specific substrates, because it is critical that the substrate and the active site of the enzyme align

Enzymes work by the lock and key theory (Audesirk et al, 2008, page 50) which states that enzymes have a particular location, called an active site, where molecules (called substrate) bind. Because of the shape of the active site only specific molecules can enter. Any change to the shape of the enzyme can affect its ability to bind to the substrate.

What is an enzyme? An enzyme is a biological catalyst that can speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. Typically the lower the activation energy the faster the reaction will be. It's made up of a plethora of different types of proteins that forms into a 3D like shape. Enzymes are very important to the human body, because it keeps the chemical activity that undergoes in our body at a low temperature.

There are thousands of chemical reactions that occur in an organism that make life possible. Most of these chemical reactions occur too slowly on their own. Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in a cell. Catalysts are not changed by the reactions they control, and are not used up during the reaction. Enzymes therefore, can be used over and over again. Enzymes are large complex proteins made by the cell and allow chemical reactions to take place at the temperature of the cell. These catalysts are needed in only very small amounts because a single enzyme molecule can complete the same reaction thousands of times in one minute.

Organisms cannot depend solely on spontaneous reactions for the production of materials because they occur slowly and are not responsive to the organism's needs (Martineau, Dean, et al, Laboratory Manual, 43). In order to speed up the reaction process, cells use enzymes as biological catalysts. Enzymes are able to speed up the reaction through lowering activation energy. Additionally, enzymes facilitate reactions without being consumed (manual,43). Each enzyme acts on a specific molecule or set of molecules referred to as the enzyme's substrate and the results of this reaction are called products (manual 43). As a result, enzymes promote a reaction so that substrates are converted into products on a faster pace (manual 43). Most enzymes are proteins whose structure is determined by its sequence of its amino acids. Enzymes are designed to function the best under physiological conditions of PH and temperature. Any change of these variables that change the conformation of the enzyme will destroy or enhance enzyme activity(manual, 43).

Enzymes are specialized protein structures that increase the rate of reactions without changing chemical equilibrium between reactants and products (Cooper, 2000). These enzymes have a distinct chemical composition that constructs an active site for substrates to bind to; this is the location where the substances come together to from an enzyme-substrate complex, which makes forming a product possible. The shape of the molecule is extremely important to its function. Enzymes are composed of unique three-dimensional conformations, due to the complex folding during the secondary, tertiary, and

Enzymes are natural catalysts that work from the ability to increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy of a reaction. (Blanco, Blanco 2017) An enzyme can do this 10^8- to 10^10 fold, sometimes even 10^15 fold. (Malacinsk, Freifelder 1998) The substrate will momentarily bind with the enzyme making the enzyme-substrate complex, of which the shape of the substrate is complimentary to the shape of the active site on the enzyme it is binding with. There are two main theories as to how an enzymes and substrates interact, the lock-and-key model and induced fit theory. The lock-and-key model suggests that the enzyme has a specific shape that fits the substrate and only that substrate. The induced fit theory says the active site and substrate are able to change shape or distort for the reaction to take place with (Cooper,