Down Syndrome : A Congenital Disorder Arising From A Chromosome Defect

The Most Dangerous Game was produced as a movie in 1932 and is very similar to the book published in 1924. Although the book and movie are very similar there are quite a few differences. I mean there was a shark attack and a big introduction scene on the boat but that wasn't in the book, but apart from that minor stuff there was one major difference between the book and movie. In the movie there is a woman named Eve with her brother on the island, this wasn't in the book. And it's not just the beginning of the movie the woman is in the plot almost for the whole movie! So this change kind of puts a twist on the story and makes the book and movie very different, mainly because the focus isn't just on Rainsford and General Zaroff, it's on Eve as well!

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that numerous individuals around the world suffer from; it is an intellectual disability that is caused by having one too many chromosome 21 copies, trisomy 21. The average person has two copies of chromosome 21 in each cell, whereas, an individual with Down syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21. This happens when either the sperm or egg cell undergoes atypical cell division during development. In the United States, there are approximately 400,000 individuals who have been diagnosed with Down syndrome, according to the last census in 2012 (National Down Syndrome Society).

Down’s Syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, happens when a problem occurs in the body’s chromosomes. Chromosomes are the structure that holds genes which give the body instruction on how to work and grow. Each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes in every cell in their body and each pair consists of one chromosome from the father and one from the mother. Babies born with Down’s Syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21 which changes the way the brain and body develop. It is not certain how Down’s Syndrome happens. It could occur during fertilization or in a rare situation can be passed down from parent to child.

According to the Oxford Dictionary evil is the antithesis of all good; morally depraved, bad, wicked, vicious (Evil). This definition relies completely on another word: good.

The etiology of Down syndrome is due to a genetic mutation within chromosome 21. There are three types of Down syndrome, which include Trisomy 21, Mosaic Down Syndrome, and Translocation Down Syndrome. Trisomy 21 occurs when there are three copies of chromosome 21 in each nucleus, instead of the usual two. This type of Down syndrome occurs 95% of the time. Mosaic Down Syndrome occurs 1% of the time and is characterized by some cells having three pairs of chromosome 21 and others having the normal two. This is caused by abnormal cell division after

Down syndrome (Trisomy of Chromosome 21) occurs when there is a defect during meiosis, typically after a mother’s egg cells have remained in suspension for a prolonged period of time (risk increases with age) or during translocation errors during early embryonic development. Individuals with Down Syndrome present physical findings of a low nasal bridge, hypotonia, lowered ears, and short stature. Patients with Down syndrome may present signs of Alzheimer’s disease around 40 years of age.

Down syndrome is a disorder in which an individual gets a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. Normally, at the time of conception a baby inherits genetic information from its parents in the form of 46 chromosomes: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father, but in most cases of Down syndrome a child gets an extra chromosome 21 for a total of 47 chromosomes instead of 46. The three types of Down syndrome are trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), translocation and mosaicism. According to the National Down Syndrome Society (2012), “One in every 691 babies in the United States is born with down syndrome, making down syndrome the most common genetic condition. Approximately 400,000 Americans have Down syndrome and about 6,000 babies with Down syndrome are born in the United States each year.” Down syndrome causes intellectual disability, developmental delays, and a distinct facial appearance such as a small head, a flattened face especially the bridge of the nose, an almond-shaped eyes that slant up, a short neck, small ears, a tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth, tiny white spots on the iris of the eye, small hands and feet, a single line across the palm of the hand (palmar crease), poor muscle tone or loose joints, and shorter in height as children and adults.

Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal problem due to abnormalities on the 21st set of chromosomes, which causes delayed development in functioning and shorter life expectancy (Choi, Van Riper & Thoyre, 2012; Crawford & Dearmun, 2016). The most common features of DS are physical appearance and mental retardation (Crawford & Dearmun, 2016). People with DS have increased risks of developing various comorbidities, for example, around 50% of individuals with DS have the risk of experiencing congenital heart defects (Dixon, 2008).

The possessor of this genotype has the genetic disorder called Down syndrome. Down syndrome is caused by this person having chromosome 21, which is also called Trisomy 21. There are different things you see in people with Down syndrome such as, different physical and mental traits. This genetic condition varies between each person with this genetic disorder. They all have similar features, but do not look the same.

Miller never missed a chance to illustrate how these characters are angry to aid the reader to have contact with their psychological state. He is always present shedding the light on how each statement is a result of inner looming anger. Direct descriptions about anger were used for instance" there is blood in his eyes" (48), and how some talked "with burning fury" (68). So anger was a part of the feelings expressed through the language. Miller's description helps in putting the speeches in their full circumstances whether the social context or the emotional side.

Cells are the basis for human life. During conception, a sperm cell joins a fertile egg to begin the process of procreation. Contained in the nucleus of these cells are a threadlike structure made up of acids and proteins called chromosomes which carry genetic information. Each human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell for a total of 46 chromosomes (Wiseman et al., 2009). When a sperm cell with 23 chromosomes and an egg with 23 chromosomes unite, they begin to form a fetus with appropriate genetic makeup. In some cases, however, sperm cells and eggs have extra chromosomes which result in genetic disorders. Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic disorders in humans and is the result of an abnormality of chromosome 21 (Patterson, 2009).

. Down syndrome is not a disease that someone catches and is not caused by difficulties during the pregnancy, it is a genetic condition. This condition is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in the body’s cells and causes a redundant amount of proteins to be formed. All cells of the body derive from a single cell formed by the fusion of a father’s sperm and a mother’s egg. Each cell carries a nucleus full of genetic material known as genes. These genes are inherited from both the mother and father. Each cell normally contains 46 pairs of chromosomes. 23 chromosomes come from one parent and 23 from the other, hence the 46 pairs. When it comes to children with down syndrome, one of the chromosomes does not separate properly and so the

Down syndrome was named after John Langdon Down, who was the first person to discover Down syndrome. In the earlier years it was called Mongolism, which is no longer used because it is offensive to the Mongolians. James N. Parker and Philip M. Parker state “Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by an error in cell division that results in the presence of an additional third chromosome 21 or ‘trisomy 21’” (10). There are different types of Down Syndrome according to the National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS), there is Trisomy 21, Mosaicism, and Translocation (What is Down syndrome?). There is no way to prevent having a baby with Down syndrome although chances increase as the woman gets older. The NDSS says, “A 35-year-old woman has about a 1 in 350 chance of conceiving a child with Down syndrome, and this chance increases gradually to 1 in 100 by age 40” (What is Down syndrome?). Although the risk is greater for older women, it is still possible to have a child with Down syndrome at a younger age.

Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes one in each pair comes from the father and the mother. Down syndrome results when abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. These cell division abnormalities result in extra genetic material from chromosome 21 which is responsible for the characteristics features and development problems of Down syndrome. Trisomy 21 – about 95% of the time Down Syndrome is caused by Trisomy 21, where the child has three copies of Chromosome 21 (instead of the usual two copies) in all cells. This is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm cell or the egg cell (Flood, 2013)

Typically, the nucleus of each cell stores forty-six chromosomes. Half of these chromosomes derive from each parent cell. However, in those with Down syndrome, the cells contain forty-seven chromosomes. Researchers’ knowledge of the etiology of Down syndrome has grown since it was first described in 1866 by John Langon Down (National Down Syndrome Society, 2012). According to the National Down Syndrome Association (2012), 95% of the Down syndrome cases are caused by a fault in cell division. Although it is clear that this disorder occurs because of an alteration during cell division, the cause as to why this occurs is unknown. However, the pathogenesis of this disorder is clear. The pathogenesis of this disorder begins with nondisjunction during meiosis, which is failure of the chromosomes to separate. Today, it is known that there