Do Public Subsidies For Professional Athletic Organizations Benefit Their Local Community?

Thus we can see why public money is eagerly donated. The full costs of a stadium and the damage it does to communities are often years in the future, long after the politician is known for being the hero that save our local team and has moved on to bigger and better things, now with the campaign funding of the very teams that they built homes for and the fans who continue to pay. Team owners can choose new cities but cities can’t choose new teams thanks to the leagues government-sanctioned monopolies over franchise placement, mayors for example, feel they must offer owners anything they want. “Politicians continue

Growing up in the Philadelphia region I’ve heard more debates about sports than I have about politics. Most of these debates usually consist of “your team sucks” or “That team is from New York so that’s why they are awful!”. The problem with these debates is the people involved in the debates don’t offer any insight as to why their favorite team is the best. What makes a sports team successful is their success on the playing field, fan support local and nationally, and the amount of money and sales they make. There are two teams that play in Philadelphia that will be examined in this essay the Philadelphia

   Abstract:  The Stadium  construction boom continues, and taxpayers are being forced to pay for new high tech stadiums they don’t want.  These new stadiums create only part-time jobs.  Stadiums bring money in exclusively for professional leagues and not the communities.  The teams are turning public money into private profit.  Professional leagues are becoming extremely wealthy at the taxpayers expense.  The publicly-funded stadium obsession must be put to a stop before athletes and coaches become even greedier.  New stadiums being built hurt public schools, and send a message to children that leisure activities are more important than basic education.  Public money

In the United States, new sports stadiums are commonly seen as a vital part of the redevelopment of a city having a great economic growth with the production of jobs and a positive income builder. After this, the owners of the pro sports teams with millions and millions of dollars of subsidies for the construction of new stadiums and arenas and expect these facilities to generate economic benefits exceeding these subsidies by large margins. However, a growing body of fact indicates that professional sports facilities, and the franchises they are home to, may not be engines of economic benefit anywhere claims Sachse, “. In reality, sports franchises typically account for a very small proportion of the total economic output of the cities in which they reside.” Some economical studies on the amount of income and employment in US cities find no evidence of positive economic benefits associated with past sports facility construction and some studies find that professional sports facilities and teams have a net negative economic impact on income and employment. It just shows that these results suggest that at best, professional sports teams and facilities provide non-pecuniary benefits like civic pride, and a greater sense of community, along with consumption benefits to those attending games and following the local team in the media; at worst, residents

Unfortunately, these arguments contain bad economic reasoning that leads to overstatement of the benefits of stadiums. Economic growth takes place when a community's resources--people, capital investments, and natural resources like land--become more productive. Increased productivity can arise in two ways: from economically beneficial specialization by the community for the purpose of trading with other regions or from local value added that is higher than other uses of local workers, land, and investments. Building a stadium is good for the local economy only if a stadium is the most productive way to make capital investments and use its workers.

In addition, academics have attempted to explain stadium subsidies not only in terms of economic returns, but intangible benefits as well. That is, there is clearly some social phenomenon in driving stadium development in terms of the societal role of sports and/or the desire to build large, lasting monuments or edifices. Eckstein & Delaney (2002) discuss “collective conscience and community self-esteem” (p. 235) in terms of manipulative strategies used by pro-stadium advocates, suggesting these sociologic elements seem to override rudimentary economic arguments and commonsense. However, Carlino & Coulson (2004) using regressive analysis of higher rents and lower wage differentials found in NFL host versus non-host cities, conclude that taxpayers

It was important at first to read through the data to digest the information. Then time was spent in thinking through the information gathered before reading through it again carefully. Through reading and rereading, 'implied meanings ' were gathered and links were found in the field notes and journals. The data was cross searched for patterns and dividing the data by type. Data was strengthened when it was repeated in more that one case and in more than one method (Soy, 2006).

The value of entertainment in our society is arguable. We as a society constantly search for new ways to entertain ourselves; professional sports are a major contribution to our source of entertainment. If those who support athletes and their sports have no problem paying to see them,

Before you start to do this paper, one of the first things you should note is that, it is always advisable to read and understand what is required of you; so that when conducting your research you will know what to look for. I have provided you with a list of references at the end of this solution for which you can read through them before your start your analysis. After reading through articles/journals etc. you should then next proceed to create an outline of your analysis. By forming an outline you will be better able to attack each issue in an orderly manner. I have provided a suggested outline for you below (followed by a more detailed approach):

Often, the aim of the research is to achieve specific goals. Some studies are usually experimental in nature and are often unique. However, in most cases, the research can be based on previous studies conducted. This is known as a literature review. A literature review is the identification and analysis of documents which contain information that is related to a defined research problem. It is often the written component of a report or a research paper, and it discusses the reviewed documents (Stockburger, 2006). Often researchers may favor qualitative approaches to a research issue while others may favor quantitative approaches. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of literature review and its importance in research. The paper also defines the type of study where literature review has more significance and explains why that is so.

Sporting events have become a major source of economic, infrastructural and social development in numerous countries around the world. This is because of the economic benefits associated with hosting a sporting event. Economic impact in sporting events can be defined as the net change in an economy resulting from a sport event. The change is caused by activity involving the acquisition, operation, development, and use of sport facilities and services (Lieber & Alton, 1983). The net change here refers to the difference between the income entering the economy as a result of the sporting event and the income that would have entered despite the event. The economic impacts are composed of direct, indirect and induced effects. The direct effects are the purchases needed to meet the increased demand of visitors for goods and services. Indirect effects are the ripple effect caused by the additional rounds of recirculating the initial visitor’s money. Induced effects are the increase in employment and household income that result from the economic activity resulting from the direct and indirect effects (Lee, 2008). Countries in anticipation of these benefits host sport event. It is as a result of this that countries bid to host global sporting events such as the Olympics. While the point of any country hosting a sport event is to attract economic benefits, the strategy used in attracting these benefits vary from country to country (Matheson and Baade, 2011). For the sake of this

Research was carried out across various pieces of literature to identify the key areas that need to be assessed to conclude on the research question.

Sports Stadiums can be found in many cities across the United States. These Stadiums can cost millions of dollars to build but have the potential to bring in much more. While there are many benefits to building and operating a sports stadium, there are more downsides economically. New Stadiums can bring many jobs and more income to a city in the beginning however as time goes on, those jobs prove to be unreliable and taxpayers are left paying for a stadium they may never step foot in. With this, sports stadiums are more harmful to a city’s economy than they are beneficial.

Chapter two will contain the following, it will provide the reader with a narrative about the proposed research, after which it will discuss how the literature from the study

Over late years there has been a checked difference between the discourses around the financial effect of real games occasions in North America on the one hand and the greater part of whatever remains of the world on the other. In the USA the games techniques of urban communities in the USA have generally been founded on foundation (stadium) venture for proficient group activities, specifically, American football, baseball, ball, and ice hockey. In the course of the most recent decade urban communities have advertised more noteworthy and more noteworthy motivating forces for these expert groups to move from their existing host urban communities by offering to assemble another stadium to house them. The groups kick back and let