Dietary Analysis of Sympatric Mammalian Carnivores in the Keweenaw Peninsula

In this part of the assignment, you are to decide, what feeding relationships will exist in the community. You are to design these relationships so that the survival of each species is ultimate outcome for this ecosystem. To do this you will need to consider what organisms will compete for resources and which organisms will affect population density of other organisms through predication. In your report, you will • Discuss the organisms you have selected to be involved in your food web and their relationships with each other, i.e. Competitor or Predator.

When feeding in a treacherous environment both prey and predator must develop a varied range of hunting and defense behaviors.

The purpose of this assessment is to understand all topographic factors concerning the past, present, and future of Taylor Mountain Regional Park. The site is 4 acres in size and is located in Taylor Mountain Regional Park and Open Space Preserve. The coordinates of the site, according to the USGS 1954 Santa Rosa Quadrangle Map, are N 38 degrees 24 minutes and 30 seconds, W 122 degrees 41 minutes and 25 seconds (Figure 2). The entrance to the site is located at the 1900 section of Kawana Terrace, adjacent to the private continuation of Kawana Terrace in  Santa Rosa California 95407 in the United States. The site is located in the NE 1/2 of the SE 1/4 of section 36, T7N, R8W on the Mount

Like surrounding regions of west Michigan, Lake Michigan plays a role in the climate of Plaster Creek. Lake Michigan’s effect on temperatures results in slightly warmer winters and cooler summers. This can be displayed in the average winter temperature of Plaster Creek which was recorded to be twenty-two degrees fahrenheit and an average summer temperature of seventy-one degrees fahrenheit. The climate surrounding Plaster Creek receives a fair amount of precipitation, with average rainfall totaling approximately thirty-six inches and an average snowfall which is estimated to be about seventy-eight inches. The topography surrounding this twenty-six mile stream varies greatly. One element that unifies the topography of Plaster Creek is the presence of large rocks and boulders. This is a consistent element of Plaster Creek’s topography is a result of glacial movement in the area.

-Reintroduction of a top predator lowered the number of over grazing herbivores, leaving a more stable amount of food for many species of herbivores.

This Lower Keg River member was initiated by a rapid increase in sea level elevation flooding the salt plains of the Contact Rapids. Campbell (1987) described the Lower member of a dark micritic limestone, in a somewhat “euxinic” environment, containing bitumen and fauna such as brachiopods, crinoids, corals, stromatoporoids and gastropods. The unit can be locally dolomitized with a maximum thickness of approximately 50m. The Upper Keg River member was deposited during the restriction of marine waters by the Presqu’ile Barrier reef into the Elk Point Basin (Campbell, 1987). The interior of the basin contains Upper Keg River pinnacle reefs, banks and platforms. Campbell (1987) noted the spatial differences in the type of carbonate deposition within sub-basins; areas from the Peace River Arch to southern Alberta show a fringing carbonate platform, while the Rainbow, Zama and Shekelie basins contained the majority of the

For the first paragraph we shall have a quick focus on the geological history of the area of Kalamazoo. The main deposits and formations of the Kalamazoo area where formed during the Wisconsin glaciation period. Now the deposits are actually due to two lobes during this period, the lobes are the Lake Michigan and Saginaw lobe. Kalamazoo is actually know as a “reentrant district” due to the presence of two different lobes materials. During the middle of the Wisconsin Ice Age the Lake Michigan lobe was extending southeastward, while the Saginaw lobe was extending southwest. With the meeting of the two lobes an interlobate developed between the terminals of the lobes. It is also thought that the two lobes overlapped each other. With the Saginaw lobe covering the Kalamazoo area first and then retreating while the Lake Michigan lobe then covered the area. There are also some bedrock formations in the area as well, these formations were established during

Lake deposits are primarily fine-grained clay- and silt-size sediments. The most extensive area of lake deposits is in north- ern Ohio bordering Lake Erie. These deposits, and adjacent areas of wave-planed ground moraine, are the result of sedimentation and erosion by large lakes that occupied the Erie basin as Wisconsinan-age ice retreated into Canada. Other lake deposits accumulated in stream valleys whose outlets were temporarily dammed by ice or outwash. Many outwash-dammed lake deposits are present in southeastern Ohio far beyond the glacial boundary. Peat deposits are associated with many lake deposits and formed through the accu- mulation of partially decayed aquatic vegetation in oxygen-depleted, stagnant water.

Wolves are large carnivores. Wolves are carnivores across the world, their main diet is ungulates; they also eat small animals like rodents and frogs. In the wild, they have been seen eating berries, though that does not seem to be a very important part of their diet. Some abiotic factors for the gray wolves would be the mean temperature, temperature debates animals activities and seasons.

This species has a typical diet. The manatee usually eats wet vegetation, making them primarily herbivores. “Manatees have occasionally been seen to eat foods other than plants. Antillean manatees have been known to eat fish from nets and West African manatees have been to eat clams” (Reynolds and Odell, 1991). Manatees also feed on fallen acorns on surface and

Vegetation Type: White spruce Douglas fir-lodgepole pine on old alluvial fans, White spruce-western red cedar on damp alluvial fan, white spruce on permanently water-logged soil, aspen-balsam poplar on moist alluvium

In a time where the environment is experiencing significant change, it is important that certain communities and individuals be informed of what is occurring. This said environmental change can be observed in the way the seasons affect organisms and their habitat, which leads to an impact on their predator-prey relationships. This relationship between the California mountain lion, mule deer, and coyote that live at Wind Wolves preserve is being studied, along with their seasons. These animals can live in separate regions, but do have overlapping territories. Three of which being Twin Fawn, Site 1, and Site 2. Their environment can change how a predator hunts or how a often or long a prey appears at a certain location.

Predators and prey are organisms that interrelate, and they can influence on another’s success in reproduction. Predators are organisms that consume other organisms-their prey. These two organisms evolve together. They live in an environment where they must develop certain adaptations to survive. When an adaptation is developed, it gives an organism certain physical characteristics that create an advantage for survival and can come to dominate in a population. An adaptation aids survival by either decreasing a prey's chance of being eaten, or by increasing a predator's chance of obtaining food to survive and reproduce. Predators must fight for food. They face density-independent

Michigan’s landscape over the past millions of years was formed from glaciers. During the last Ice Age, which was approximately two million years ago during the Pleistocene Epoch, glaciers covered some of Michigan and went through cycles of advancing in a southern direction (towards The Midwest of The United States) and recession back towards Canada. These cycles of alternating temperature led to the formation of

These are predators that consume the second trophic level, such as the mice and insects which absorbed the energy through the consumption of its energy through consumption of the first-trophic level. The fourth trophic-level is the tertiary consumers. This level consists of carnivores that eat carnivores. An example of this would be snakes and fish. The snakes would consume the rats, frogs, mice and birds and the fish would eat insects. Lastly, the fifth trophic level is the quaternary consumers. These are again carnivores that each other carnivores an example of this would be sharks and hawks. The shark would eat the fish and the hawk would eat the snake. However, the living organism consumes the energy nutrients can be absorbed as