Ohio's Ice Age

One major way Connecticut got its shape was from glaciation. For example, glaciation formed Jobs Pond. Jobs Pond is a giant kettle hole, which is a depression caused by the impact of a massive chunk of ice, or a glacier. According to The Mystery Of Jobs Pond, geologists and hydrologists the water level rises and falls with the groundwater level in the area, because porous sand and gravel make up the bottom of the pond. A kettle hole is formed by a glacier, so glaciation formed Jobs Pond. Another landscape formed by glaciation is recessional moraines. A recessional moraine is a pile of rocks left behind when a glacier recedes, or moves back. As a glacier moves, it picks up rocks in a process called plucking. Then, as the glacier starts to melt, it recedes. As it does this it drops off rocks, forming a recessional moraine. Recessional moraines, formed from glaciation, are found all along the Connecticut shoreline.

Starved rock and St. Peter Sandstone are an erosional remnant of Ordovician period. These remnants contain Pennsylvanian clastics that survived the washing out of the Illinois River at the end of the Ice Age. Evidence for swift, turbulent, and deep water includes gravel bars and erosional features as high as 160 feet above the current level of the river, massive cross bedded sand, and gravel deposits along the river course.

Past 360 million years ago, Kentucky was approximately 10 degree to the south of the equator when caves started to form. Kentucky was also occupied with water containing tiny organism having shells of calcium carbonate. When these tiny organisms died, shells accumulation of these creatures together with calcium carbonate emanating from water, built up more than millions of years such that it was hundreds of feet thick. On top of these formations, fifty feet of sandstone were deposited by another river system. Sandstone and limestone were exposed when the sea level started to fall approximately 280 million ago (Thompson & Thompson, 2003). When rivers that we have today started to form, sandstone topped plateau covered the Green River whereas a low limestone plain extended towards southeast direction (Call,

The Oak Ridges Moraine is landform located in south central Ontario, Canada. It expands from Caledon and Rice lake river. Furthermore, it covers about 1,900 kilometers in Geographic area and is the most important landforms in Ontario. The Oak Ridges Moraine is made out of 4 wedge shaped structures running east to west ( Uxbridge, Pontypool, Rice Lake, and the Albion Hill wedges ). The wedges are separated from east to west and was formed by sedimentation, the Rice Lake wedge is separated from the other three moraines and is south of Rice Lake. The moraine is made out of major geophysical structures that shape the Oak Ridge Moraine. The western portion of the moraine is by the Niagara Escarpment, the escarpment channels give a way for a

One-million and eight-hundred years ago, the earth entered the last major recorded ice age, known as the Pleistocene Epoch, which did not end until twelve-thousand years ago. During this ice age, the climate fluctuated. During a cycle of climate cooling, the Laurentide Ice Sheet formed, which stretched almost five-million miles at its largest. This ice sheet began reaching the North American continent one-hundred thousand years ago, during a time referred to as the Wisconsin Glacial Period. However, this ice sheet did not reach Wisconsin until it spread twenty-six thousand years

The Little Bison Basin has a relatively new history shrouded in mystery and revealed through its many glaciers and carved out regions. Prior to and into the ice age, this entire region was a frozen wasteland, lifeless and barren. In fact, it was so barren that no people had even ventured into the area.

Glaciation that are widespread can be identified based on the subglacial tillite, which is a thick layer of sediments that settle down beneath glaciers or ice caps. On top of this subglacial tillite layer is deposited marine carbonate, also known as cap carbonate. Based on their paleolatitude designated by glacial sediments’ paleomagnetism, it can be determined that these deposits are from equator region. The interaction between two types of sediments, marine (like carbonate) and subgacially deposited sediments, indicate that the glaciers had approached marine coastlines.

The day to day impact of human activities on the formation of Michigan is highly underestimated and not often considered. Human activity has positively impacted the formation of Michigan but there has also been negative

Europe had experienced a general cooling of the climate between years 1150 and 1460 and a very cold climate between 1560 and 1850. This event came to be known as the “Little Ice Age.” This cold weather had impact on agriculture, health, economics, emigration, and art and literature . The term “Little Ice Age” was named by Francois Matthes in 1939 to describe the most destructive climate drop in Europe. This ice age was consisted of mountain glaciers which brought temperatures as low as 2 degrees Fahrenheit. Numerous people got sick and some were even killed and starved to death because of a famine. Farms and villages were lost due to the cold weather. It is unknown on what caused this “Little Ice Age.” We do know that this event impacted

A glacier is a large mass of snow and ice that has accumulated over many years and is present year-round Glaciers begin to form when snow remains in the same area year-round, where enough snow accumulates to transform into ice. Most of the world's glacial ice is found in Antarctica and Greenland, but glaciers are found on nearly every continent, even Africa. In the United States, glaciers can be found in the Rocky Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, the Cascades, and throughout Alaska. A glacier flows naturally like a river, only much more slowly. At higher elevations, glaciers accumulate snow, which eventually becomes compressed into ice. At lower elevations, the river of ice naturally loses mass because

Glaciers are a dynamic perennial accumulations of ice that, together with ice sheets, represent a significant portion of Earth's water and a volatile element in the changing climate. Although sea level rise is a significant consequence of glacial change, the instability poses numerous hazards, though the impacts are not as widespread. Glaciers are continuously changing in response to changes in temperature, intermittent precipitation levels and other geological processes. Glacier ice crystals form slowly through the metamorphism of snow to "firn" crystalline, known as bubbly ice. Glaciologists recognize nine types of glaciers: continental ice sheets, ice caps, ice fields, piedmont glaciers,

Glacial erosion occurs in primarily two ways and this is plucking and abrasion. Plucking happens when meltwater penetrates the cracks and joints along the rock floor of the glacier than freezes. When the freezing occurs, it expands and exert tremendous pressure that will pry the rocks loose and this how sediment of all sizes becomes part of the glacial load. Abrasion occurs when ice and its rock fragments moves over the bedrock they act like sandpaper smoothing and polishing the surface below. All of the resulting pulverized rock is called rock flour. The rock flour is what gives some glaciers that grayish hue. Glaciated Valleys, the most impressive examples is Yosemite National Park, are made by glaciers moves down a valley that once had

Natural climate change has influenced the Earth’s weather systems for over millions of years (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2016). This notion has been verified by studies which reveal that climate change has brought upon several, unprecedented alterations to the Earth’s landscape ever since the Earth came into existence (Hoffman, 2009). The commencing of the Ice Age, a period of time during which the planet’s surface was shrouded in ice, is commonly cited as evidence to ratify the claim made in the preceding sentence (Weart & American Institute of Physics, 2016).

The mini ice age, or Little Ice Age (LIA), was a period of time characterized by a decrease in temperatures worldwide. Although there are no definite times for the start and end of the Little Ice Age, it is generally accepted that it occurred from approximately 1300 CE to 1850 CE. The coldest stage of this time lasted from around 1645 to 1715. Also, the expansion of mountain glaciers in several locations was a distinctive feature of the Little Ice Age. The event had various effects and its origins are disputable.

“The geological record appears to show that ice ages start when the continents are in positions which block or reduce the flow of warm water from the equator to the poles and thus allow ice sheets to form.” (Raymo, Ruddiman, Froelich, 1988)