D-Dimer Test Lab Report

Pinnington, N., Elliott, A., Sciences, F. of L., Manchester and Kingdom, U. (2007) Proceedings of the physiological society. Available at: http://www.physoc.org/proceedings/abstract/Proc%20Physiol%20Soc%208PC39 (Accessed: 3 March 2016).

Ectothermic animals are animals whose body temperature is affected by their surroundings. This means that if the environment is cold the animal will be cold. If the environment is warm the animal will be warm. This is because the animal doesn’t have the capability of regulating its body systems to keep a constant body temperature. When an ectothermic animal is cold, its heart rate will lower. When the animal is warmer, the heart rate will raise – as long as the temperature isn’t sufficiently high to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005)

Bacteria are ubiquitous; they can be found on the skin, in the soil, and inside the body. Because of the very nature of this ubiquity, it is important to be able to determine between different strains of bacteria. An example of this is determining the causative agent for a disease so that the patient will be treated with the appropriate antibiotics. It may be important to determine the bacteria in a certain region, because like with enteric bacteria, it is normal to find them in the digestive tract as they are in a symbiotic relationship with our bodies in this area; however, they also cause opportunistic infections in places outside of the digestive tract to our detriment, such as with a urinary tract infection. Some strains of bacteria are common to nosocomial infections, and identifying these bacteria as such helps create the guidelines for healthcare workers in antiseptic technique. All of the morphology and characteristics of each strain of bacteria help us to better understand the role of bacteria in the body as well as helps us understand how they can cause illness, and what treatment regimen to set in place. In lab this semester, a sample of unknown

ANA: test for these autoantibodies (very general); DsDNA (+): Making antibodies to and attacking own DNA; Anti-Sm (+): these antibodies generally interfere with the cells metabolism and are responsible for the symptoms specifically seen with SLE. Here, they are specifically targeted at smooth muscle. CRP elevated: also indicates presence of inflammation, but is more specific towards disease activity; ESR elevated: indirectly indicates the activity of the disease and presence of inflammation; C3 and C4 (decreased): C3 and C4 usually attack the membranes of viruses and bacteria, but in the case of lupus, they attack the own body’s cells. When C3 and C4 suggest the disease is active

Daphnia, Branchiopoda, are categorized under the phylum Arthropoda and subphylum Crustacea. Daphnia are planktonic and are characterized by flattened leaf-like legs used to produce a water current for the filtering apparatus (Ebert et al. 2005). Daphnia are suspension feeders, which is one reason why they are used in this experiment. The purpose of this experiment is to see how Nyquil® and ethanol affect Daphnia heart rate. Nyquil® is a pharmaceutical drug that is used to treat common cold, aches, or pains, and the main ingredient is acetaminophen. Acetaminophen is a pain reliever that, like other antibiotics, inhibits protein synthesis, and has proven to immobilize Daphnia in even low concentrations (Daughton et al. 1999). There are many reasons why we use Daphnia in science; one reason is that the Daphnia hear rate variation test can be used in evaluating the effect of xenobiotics and in selecting agents for the pharmacological correction of this functional parameter (Dolgo-Saburov et al. 2008). We predict that Nyquil® decrease the heart rate while ethanol will increase it.

Background: Daphnia is also known as diploid or water fleas belong to a group of animals named crustaceans. They are too small to be seen with the naked eye. There are two chromosomes are from the father and mother also, they are multicellular. They live in freshwater and in a few terrestrial habitats. (Textbook 595 & 680)

Exploration of an indirect effect on the foraging behavior of a Guppy (Poecilia reticulate) on Daphnia due the introduction of a “third species”

Substance one was determined to be iron because it was magnetic, and the its melting point was 1535℃, its boiling point was 3000℃, and its density was 1870 g/L. Substance 2 was determined to be wood, because it was lightweight and grainy and a wooden color. It also floated, meaning it had a density less than water, like wood. Substance 3 was determined to be sand, because it was small rocks, which is sand, and had a melting point of 1610℃, a boiling point of 2230℃, and a density of 2650 g/L. Substance 4 was determined to be salt, because it was made of small, white grains, and conducted electricity. It had a melting point of 801℃, a boiling point of 1413℃, and a density of 2170 g/L. In this lab, physical interactions were used to determine

This set of particular tests were carried out at Manchester Metropolitan University in the Interdisciplinary Laboratory. Prior to the tests that were going to be carried out the client in question was asked to carry out a Pre-Test Medical questionnaire to assess the risks involved and to see if the client would be able to participate in the tests. The tests that were performed on the client were height, weight, haemoglobin, cholesterol, FEV1 and FVC.

• Bone marrow biopsy. In this test, a sample of marrow is removed from a bone. The sample is looked at under a microscope to check for abnormal plasma cells.

Urine sample. This is collected using a sterile container that is given to you by the lab.

6.71 mL of 4-methylcyclohexanol, 2.0 mL of phosphoric acid and 30 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid were placed in a round bottom flask. The liquids were then mixed using a glass stirring rod after which a boiling stone was added. Mixture was then distilled using a 25-mL receiver flask sitting in an ice bath. Heating of mixture was regulated to ensure that reaction and isolation of the starting material were fully completed, the process was carried out until there was no liquid remained to be

This test uses a special fluorescent dyes that only attach to specific genes of parts of chromosomes. In diagnosis of CML this test used to look for BCR-ABL gene ( fusion of chromosome 22 and 9 )

This experiment has a wide-range of applications from performing diagnostic tests to smart buying of commercial products such as soaps, and deodorants. Diascopy is conducted to test the blanch-ability of the skin as blanching is a vital indicator of overall health and may be used as an early test for poor blood circulation. Diascopy is done by applying pressure on the skin with a finger or glass slide and observing any color changes that take place. Knowledge on the composition of sweat also helps in choosing proper skin care products. Antiperspirants usually contain active ingredients such as aluminum salts which function as astringents by constricting the opening of the sweat gland ducts to reduce the secretion of sweat.

Gerhard Herzberg is a German Canadian physical chemist and physicist. Herzberg won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1971 for discovering and providing additional knowledge about free radicals. Even though this was a game changing discover, it is not the only thing he is known for.