How can two people watch or read the same story and yet, interpret it completely differently? Does it have to do with the author’s intentions, or maybe it has to do with the viewers’ own backgrounds and ideologies? Whatever the case may be, viewing one piece of work can lead to a wide array of opinions and critiques. It is through the diversity of such lenses that Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller has become one of the most well-known plays in modern history. There are many different ways in which a play can be criticized, however, criticisms from the approaches of a Marxist and reader-response will be utilized to further dissect Death of a Salesman. Marxist criticism sees pieces of works as a struggle between different socioeconomic classes; what better way to see Miller’s play than for what it is at face value, the struggle of a middle-class man trying to achieve the American dream (1750). On the other hand, a reader-response criticism comes from either an objective or subjective view; in this case Death of a Salesman will be viewed with a subjective lens based on Willy’s deteriorating mental health (1746). Through a Marxist’s eyes, Death of a Salesman represents the struggle of middle-class families in a capitalistic world. From an early age, kids are taught to do well in school, be involved with sports and activities, and to go on to college; all in hopes of achieving the American Dream. This dream of obtaining success through hard work leads many into the
With the idea of the American culture in a unique time during the 1940s, the plays Death of a Salesman and A Raisin in the Sun contain some similarities. These two classic works revolve around the idea that in the American culture around this era there was a feeling of pride among men that they could be the top dog around. In both stories, the fathers, Willie Loman and Walter Lee Younger, fulfilled the role of the main and tragic characters since they both have an obsessions of being their own boss and essentially not having their family depend on another man’s dollar to make a living. Both characters go to the extreme to solve their family’s money problem. For example, Walter takes all of his father’s life insurance money to invest in a not promising liquor business, while on the other hand Willie goes to the extreme and kills himself so his family’s debt could be resolved with his life insurance money. Even though in their eyes they believed they solved their family’s issues, they tore their families apart.
Social pressures change as time passes, therefore it is interesting to see how these three texts whom differ by almost four hundred years perceive society and the effect this has on the protagonists; Shakespeare’s King Lear which was first performed in 1606 during the Jacobean era, presents a patriarchal society. Whilst, Arthur Miller uses the characters in ‘Death of a salesman’ to show the failure of the ‘American dream’ during the “golden era” of America in the late 40’s. The ‘American Dream’ was a set of ideals which suggested that anyone in the US could be successful through hard work, and had the potential to live a happy life. The sense of the deterioration in the equality of opportunities links to the fall in power and hierarchy in
In life, people try to find who they are as a person, but in the process of this, they become someone they are not. They lie to themselves and others of who they really are and can never face who they truly are. In Death of a Salesman, we see that two characters, Biff and Willy, face this issue because they lie about who they are or they let others lie for who they are. In contrast, they both find self-discovery, but may be too late.
Human emotions are something that we seldom find a way to express clearly: from simple hand gestures, to a disgusted face. To understand his novel more thoroughly, Arthur Miller uses the most understandable method of comprehension, music, to express the emotions of the characters in his play, "Death of a Salesman". The characters, Willy, Linda, Biff, Happy, and Ben, have a certain style of music and instruments portraying them to show the reader what type of emotional person they are.
Arthur Miller’s ‘Death of a Salesman’ explores the theme of success through the technique of characterisation. 60 year old Willy Loman and Charley, his neighbour, have been lifelong friends who have experienced highs and lows together. Whilst Charley is a successful businessman, Willy is a failure who is slowly losing his grip on reality despite believing that he is “such a hard worker” (pg 11). Although having history on their side, in comparison, Willy and Charley lead very different lives. Charley runs a successful business whereas Willy struggles to live day-to-day as a salesman. Providing for his family is not Willy’s only problem as being a salesman is a very subjective job. To make door to door selling a lifelong career, it depends on
In the classic American drama “Death of a Salesman,” Arthur Miller spins a profound and complex narrative around a deluded and shallow shell of a man. In a story overflowing with intimations about the nature and morality of man and the ramifications of mistruths and fantasy, there is one message easily held as predominant: that of Willy Loman’s futile pursuit of the American dream and the reality of its death within him—and the unfortunate sector of humanity that he embodies. This interpretation is so dominant and alluring, in fact, that it neatly obscures a more subtle message seeded patiently by Miller throughout the narrative. While the death of the American dream might be lamentable, it is the death of trust in “Death of a Salesman”
In “Death of a Salesman”, Willy and his family live in post-war Brooklyn, where America was enjoying a state of economic prosperity. In an attempt to shield Americans from the influences of communist ideals, Americans felt that financial success supported a capitalist society. The American dream is the belief that any American citizen can achieve their dreams if they are hard working, even those who are destitute. This idea of equality is criticized by both of the texts I will be comparing. In this essay, I will be exploring the author 's portrayal of the American Dream and how it leads to the inevitable destruction of society. I will discuss how the pursuit of the American dream can lead to problems within characters ' relationships.
The concept of what constitutes “American” is a varied as the people who make up America. Thinking about the global perspective of the concept, the concept stratifies even more so. The opinion of those who love this country may say that “American” is apple pie, fast cars, Friday night football, working hard, owning your own home, and living the “American Dream.” The opinion of those who are not necessarily fans of America may point out that we are materialistic, militaristic, brash, entitled, and greedy. Considering that Death of a Salesman was written in 1949 in a less globally-minded, post-world War II economic boom and sense of American pride, it would seem that the American feel given the play would pertain only to its time in history. Given the complete context of all the personalities and situations portrayed, however, one can see that Death of a Salesman is timeless in its interpretation of the American
Death of a Salesman Short Essay Arthur Miller’s famous theatrical work, Death of a Salesman first came out in 1949 after the great depression. People were struggling with society and poverty around the world at this time. Miller’s characters in Death of a Salesman also have struggles with society, making the play relatable to ordinary people and connecting emotionally to a big audience. Miller uses several universal themes that can relate to mankind from that time period to present day. The play has a deeper meaning than what appears on the surface, when the play is acted out we see the thoughts and emotion of all the characters.
A play turned film that consistently grasps the hearts of Americans and continually causes them to question the origins of a dysfunctional family as well as the importance of a true family unit is a prime example of a modern day Aristotelian Poetic model. In the year 1949, American playwright Arthur Miller published one of his greatest works that still touches Americans today. Death of a Salesman had earned 742 Broadway performances as well as a worldwide audience by 1950 according to Dominic Oliver’s “Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman” published in American Writers Classics (Oliver). Miller’s play featured Willy Loman, a salesman long past
Death of a Salesman is about a man that can’t get passed his own ego. William, the salesman, is a narcissistic untrustworthy man that has no values for his own wife. At the beginning of the play, we can clearly see that Willy is this macho man that wouldn’t accept his faults. His decaying state of mind gives us even more evidence to argue his deficiencies. His wife, Linda, is always trying to defend him against his own family, yet she unconsciously knows that her husband has some sort of mental illness, such as dementia. Both his sons, Biff and Happy, are in today’s society “normal” citizens that are trying to change their world around and succeed. However, Willy sees this as a waste of time, and insults their efforts of creating their own lives which is mostly
Miller’s play, The Death of a Salesman (1949) was about a family, and their struggles for the American dream. The family composition was not unlike that of an average family, a mom, a dad, and two children. Mom, Linda, tended to the house, oversaw the finances, as well as the lives of the remaining family members. Dad, Willy, supported the family as an on-the-road salesman. At first, Willy’s outbursts were confusing, but as I read the outbursts began to unfold the meanings buried in the storyline. Miller’s play conveyed many messages, the most important being the importance of hope. A soul without hope ceases to adapt, ceases to grow, and ceases to live.
Arthur Miller, in his play “Death of a Salesman” (1949), asserts that the American Dream is not accomplished by likeability or personal attractiveness, but by hard work and perseverance. This assertion is supported when Biff, Willy’s young amiable son with a handsome face, cannot keep a job or create a steady source of income; and when Bernard, an intellectual who Willy dislikes for his awkwardness, becomes a successful lawyer arguing a case to the Supreme Court. Miller’s purpose is to illustrate how a perverted sense of one’s identity early in life can later lead to a disillusioned realization, in order to bring an awareness to the reader about self identity. He establishes an informal relationship with his audience of adults who are interested
Many believe that “Death of a Salesman” represents a working man’s goal of achieving the American dream, but the disillusioned Willy Lowman uses it as a façade. This façade conceals his narcissistic personality while accommodating for his lack of self-esteem and failures. Willy lives in his own utopic fantasy where everyone knows who he is and he’s treated like a king. A man full of delusion in an ever changing world which is advancing and leaving him both mentally and physically stale, if only he could see through his grandiosity. In the following text we’ll see that “Death of a Salesman” reflects the delusions of one man and his image as seen by himself, his family and others, through the examination of the theme, his character and the time period for his existence.
Marxism, classified by the struggles between classes in an inevitable fight for superiority, rings through Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, which is set closely following the Great Depression, a time of emotional and economic upheaval. Despite the era of its creation, the play’s ideas remain pertinent even today. Through a Marxist viewpoint, Miller's presentation of the American Dream diverges at opposing points involving the sensation of travel and exploration, relating to the old idea of Manifest Destiny, and the contrasting view that business is the most important feature in society.