There are 3 theories of economics will be discussed in this chapter. These theories of economics will be discussed are Cournot Model in Oligopoly Market, Prisoner Dilemma in Game Theory and XXX. First of all, I will discuss what is Oligopoly Market and Cournot Model in Oligopoly Market. Besides that, these theories were applied during my internship program in Brunsfield Trading Sdn Bhd.
3.1.1 Cournot Model in Oligopoly Market
Oligopoly market is a market which have only few firms compete with one another. The products of oligopoly market might or might not differentiated such as automobile is differentiated and steel is not differentiated. There are barriers for new firms to enter oligopoly market. Examples of oligopolistic industries are steel, aluminium, petrochemical, automobiles and computers. Some of the reasons for barriers to entry arise in oligopolistic industries such as scale economics, patents or access to a technology, market reputation and etc. Oligopolistic industries was
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In the figure 2 shown that demand curve shift to the left from D1 (0) to D1 (50). In the same time, the corresponding marginal revenue also will shift to left and label as MR1 (50). Now the profit-maximizing output of Firm 1 becomes 25units where MR1 (50) intersects with MC1. Now, suppose Firm 1 assume Firm 2 will produce 75 units. Demand curve of firm is the market demand curve was shifted to left by 75. In the figure showed that demand curve shift to left as D1 (75) and the corresponding marginal revenue shifted to MR1 (75). The profit-maximizing output of Firm 1 is 125 unit where where MR1 (75) intersects with MC1.
Finally, firm 1 will assume firm 2 produce 100 units. The demand curve of firm 1 and marginal revenue curve will intersect on vertical axis which are not shown in Figure 2. If firm 1 assumes firm 2 produce 100 units or more than that, firms 1 should produce
So, to summarize with all the information given, Company A should always strive to have their marginal cost be equal to their marginal cost in order to maximize profit. If they see that their marginal revenue is higher than the marginal cost then more output needs to be produced to get their max profit. In contract, if the marginal cost if higher than the marginal revenue then output needs to
Explain how a profit maximizing firm determines its optimal level of output, using marginal revenue and marginal cost as criteria:
An oligopolistic market is one that has several dominant firms with the power to influence the market they are in; an example of this could be the supermarket industry which is dominated by several firms such as Tesco, Sainsbury’s, and Waitrose etc... Furthermore an oligopolistic market can be defined in terms of its structure and its conduct, which involve various different aspects of economics.
The book was first published by Martin in 1830 with the title A Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier, Interspersed with Anecdotes of Incidents That Occurred Within His Own Observation. In 1962, it was republished under the title Private Yankee Doodle, Being a Narrative of some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier. In 2001 it was republished again under the title A Narrative of a Revolutionary Soldier.
Oligopolies are a type of market structure evident in Australia, which is comprised of 2 or more firms having a significant share of the market. In an oligopoly the few firms sell similar but differentiated or homogenous products and is characterised by a large number of buyers making it a form of imperfect competition. This market structure is evident through the Big Four Banks, Phone Industry - Vodafone, Optus and Telstra.
There are four types of market structures: Monopolistic Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, and Perfect Competition. Monopolistic Competition is also known as competitive market. In this market structure, there are a large number of firms that produce similar but somewhat differentiated products for the same target customers. The market share is also divided among large number of firms making it difficult for one firm to become the market leader. On the other hand, Monopoly is a type of market structure in which only one firm controls the whole industry. There are strict barriers to entry for new firms due to governmental restrictions or the monopolistic power of the firm itself. In Oligopoly, the whole industry is dominated by a few large scale firms that set prices, introduce innovative products, and use heavy campaigns to attract buyers. All other small scale firms follow the changing market patterns set by these oligopolistic firms. Lastly, perfect competition is a market structure in which there are a larger number of firms that produce similar as well as differentiated products for
10 pts increase demand by doing what ?: Make people want it more. Marketing or advertising .
They are thinking about making the movie available for download on the Internet, and they can act as a single-price monopolist if they choose to. Each time the movie is downloaded, their Internet service provider charges them a fee of $4. The Baxter brothers are arguing about which price to charge customers per download. The accompanying table shows the demand schedule for their film. Price of download Quantity of downloads demanded $10 0 $8 1 $6 3 $4 6 $2 10 $0 15 a. Calculate the total revenue and the marginal revenue per download. b. Bob is proud of the film and wants as many people as possible to download it. Which price would he choose? How many downloads would be sold? c. Bill wants as much total revenue as possible. Which price would he choose? How many downloads would be sold? d. Ben wants to maximize profit. Which price would he choose? How many downloads would be sold? e. Brad wants to charge the efficient price. Which price would he choose? How many downloads would be sold? Answer to Question: a. The accompanying table calculates total revenue (TR) and marginal revenue (MR). Recall that marginal revenue is the additional revenue per unit of output Price of download Quantity of downloads TR MR demanded $10 0 $0 $8 1 $8 $8 $6 3 $18 $5 $4 6 $24 $2 $2 10 $20 $-1 $0 15 $0 $-4 b. Bob would charge $0. At that price, there would be 15 downloads, the largest quantity they can sell. c. Bill would charge $4.
This graph is specific to an oligopoly and shows the change in quantity demanded in relation to the change in price for both elastic and inelastic goods. Total Revenues will be increased, if the firm decreases their price but increase their quantity. Due to the fact that the costs remain the same, the revenue line on the graph can be seen to be steeper than the costs meaning that the profit is higher. The graph therefore also indicates the point where the firm is able to make the most amount of profit, in relation to the price they set and the quantity they produce.
Macbeth is a famous play written by William Shakespeare that was first performed in April of 1611 according to records (KingLear.org). The play revolves around the main character Macbeth and his bloody deeds in order to fulfill the prophecy told to him by three witches. Macbeth was told that he would become King of Scotland. This causes the first conflict in the play to arise. Macbeth must decide if he shall let fate and time crown him king, or if he should kill King Duncan on his own in order to fulfill the prophecy sooner.
The new audio greeting message affects the demand for greeting cards. The demand for greeting cards decreases because greeting cards and audio greeting cards are substitutes. The demand curve for greeting cards pads shifts leftward, from D0 to D1 in Figure 4.6. Simultaneously the fall in the cost of producing a greeting card affects the supply. The fall in the cost of producing greeting cards increases the supply and the supply curve shifts rightward, from S0 to S1 in Figure 4.6. At the initial price of a greeting card, $5.00 in Figure 4.6, there is a surplus of 60 greeting cards per week. The surplus forces the price lower, so the equilibrium price of a greeting card
1. Revenue function of producing and selling x units of a product is: R(x) = 20 x −
Assume labor is the only variable input and that an additional input of labor increases total output from 72 to 78 units. If the product sells for $6 per unit in a purely competitive market, the MRP of this additional worker is:
Accordingly, we will first "analyze" competitive markets, by discussing demand and supply separately. Then we will try to put them back together (synthesize them) in order to understand the working of competitive markets.
In the short run the perfect competition equilibrium can be found by graphing the marginal cost (MC), average total cost (ATC) and marginal revenue (MR) curves. In perfect competition the price is equal to the average revenue, which is equal to the marginal revenue and these are all constant, giving an infinitely elastic demand curve for the firm. The demand curve is “perfectly price elastic” due to the homogeneity of the products supplied, where each supplier, as a price taker, must focus on a single price. Given this, the only choice a supplier has in the short run is how much to produce. For profit maximisation to occur marginal costs (supply curve) must equal marginal revenue (demand curve). Profit maximisation is assumed to mean the maximisation of normal economic profit (i.e. revenue that covers the