Parents believe giving children sugar makes them hyperactive, but is this statement valid? To test the validity of the statement, we can conduct a correlational study and an experimental study to test the claim. The two will differ in how controlling we can be with the variables and what types of conclusions we can make. A correlational study is a type of study that looks at natural relationships between variables. It helps us explain and predict relationships between variables without altering them. The independent variable in this correlational study is the amount of sugar that children intake. The dependent variable is the hyperactivity of children. I can operationalize the independent variable, “amount of sugar,” as the number of candy …show more content…
This allows me to make causation statements between variables. First, the independent variable is the amount of sugar consumed by children and the dependent variable is the hyperactivity of the children. I can operationalize the independent variable, amount of sugar consumption, as the number of cups of apple juice [24 grams of sugar per 1 cup of apple juice] given to children vs. cups of water given to children. The dependent variable, hyperactivity, can be operationalized by measuring the number of minutes it takes for a child to fall …show more content…
This is because when a child is hyperactive, he or she hypothetically spend more time trying to fall asleep. If the amount of time it took for a child to fall asleep increased as the cups of apple juice given to a child in a day increased, I can report a positive causation between the sugar intake and hyperactivity of a child. If the amount of time to fall asleep decreased as the cups of apple juice given increased, I can report a negative correlation between sugar intake and hyperactivity. If there is no visible correlation between the cups of apple juice consumed and the time it took a child to fall asleep, then I have zero correlation where the two variables are
There is a number of systems that use PR such as the Single Transferable Vote (STV) (the Regional and National Lists) and the Alternative Vote. There is a third system that combines these two, known as the Additional Member System (AMS) or the hybrid or top-up system. The AMS system is presently used in elections for the Scottish Parliament, where voters can vote for single candidates in their constituencies but also for candidates from regional 'lists' put forward by each party. If there is a discrepancy between the percentage of seats the party has won and the percentage of votes cast, the seats are 'topped up' from the
In both the movie and book, Ender’s Game offers a great variety of events. Both were very interesting pieces, but they were told in different ways. There was things in both versions that made it unique and have its own spin to the story. In addition, there were some similarities and differences that could be seen, and others that were hardly recognizable. This shows us that we can’t just skip the book and watch the movie because it is different in its own way.
Why it is difficult for researchers to isolate specific causes of child behaviour - using two of your own examples. How is the term “correlation” a solution to this problem?
State several facts that occurred over the years related to child obesity. This creditable source informs us that healthy eating reduce many risk for heart diseases. The article informs people on what actually cause children to become obesity and ways you can prevent the disease from accruing. Roy Benaroch says the best way a parent can involve their children in a healthful habit is led by example. I find this information important because as children, we tend to love junk food. Eating big proportions of unhealthy food can cause human bodies to react differently than
"There are several different kinds of relationships between variables. Before drawing a conclusion, you should first understand how one variable changes with the other. This means you need to establish how the variables are related - is the relationship linear or quadratic or inverse or logarithmic or something else" ("Relationship Between Variables ", n.d)
Correlation is usually when two things tend to happen together at the same time and causation is something happens because of something else. I think it is harder to prove causation because
Researchers have studied the correlation between birth defects and tobacco. Correlation is not about cause and effect but rather how a relationship between two variables works
Childhood studies is a subject area surrounding the study of children’s lives through many different concepts or ideas with many different features. It is related to many different fields such as law, history, sociology, health, anthropology and much more as Martin Woodhead (Open University) said “It uses multiple methods rather than just singular methods” and is “inter-disciplinary” Childhood studies expresses and tries to understand the many different parts of a child’s life and the different issues surrounding childhood, therefore it has many different features.
When conducting a correlation study between exercise and water intake, the variables would be the amount of exercise and the volume of water consumption. There is a high possibility that there would be a positive correlation between the variables. Meaning, the more water the subject consumes, the longer that subject is able to exercise. There could be other variables that affect the results such as endurance, physical health, and energy. A subject that is more predisposed to put more effort into exercising would have more endurance compared to a subject that is not in prime physical
Johnson. Johnson utilized control and non-control groups, children who ate sugary snacks versus non-sugary snacks. This experiment was performed in a laboratory setting, which introduced manipulation, the sugary snack. The sugary snack allowed for an assessment of the cause and effect relationship that may or may not exist between the children whom were and were not active. After placing the children in the mock classroom there was no significant difference in activity level in the class. This was an experimental design study, which seeks to discover causal relationships between two factors. The pros of this experiment are that it allows to determine a cause and effect, although there was none in this case. A definite con of this experiment is that it was manipulated. This concluded that sugar intake is not the cause of the hyperactivity of the
If a respectable mother is exclusive of her sexuality, gender non-conforming lesbian mothers already exist as illegitimate parents. The heterosexual matrix instils the notion that gender non-conformity marks sexuality – more specifically, non-heterosexuality. Female bodies stand antithetical to masculinity (Moody 2011). The subtleties of Stef and Nic’s masculinity mark their lesbianism in contrast to Lena and Jules femme because without the slight masculinity, Lena and Jules’ “lesbianism disappears, or, more accurately, never appears in the first place” (Martin 1996). This is perhaps why the characters all lean toward femininity. While the productions allow room for lesbianism, it is what Roseanne Kennedy refers to as an “absent presence” (Suk Gersen 2009, 513).
Research shows that there is a correlation that shows the relationshop between the IQ and the grade point average of students. It was found that the correlation is strong at a .75 because it’s a direct relationship. For instance when someone has a higher IQ they are more likely going to have a higher GPA. However although the correlation shows a higher IQ means higher GPA does not mean that is the only reason the GPA is rising, it could be because they hired a tutor, have been studying more or are maybe just in more interesting classes. In correlation studies they show that there is a relationship between two different variables however it is not evidence or proof in any way. The reason it isn’t proof is because it has not been proven that they are directly the reason for the relationship however that they do have common results. Some of the reasons correlation cannot prove anything is because of the limitations; these would be the lack of information about the correlation, sample size or the standard deviation. In our text it states “If the word correlation is broken down co-relation it is expresses what is meant: The characteristics are related and the evidence for the relationship is that they vary together, or co-vary. As the level of one variable changes, the other changes in concert, this happens because both variables contain some of the same information. The higher the correlation the more they may have in common” (Tanner,2011).
Many children exhibit such behaviors as energetic, running, jumping, playing, and excitement in their daily learning activities. But at what point is a child’s exuberant behavior considered to be hyperactive? All children are supposed to be full of life, wonder, and questions. Today, though, it seems that these qualities are not appreciated; they are seen as compulsions that need to be controlled. While it is true that hyperactivity, compulsivity, and inattention are
You gave great alternative study designs for the article that was written by Allen, Stapleton, Tracy, & Kildea (2013). The alternative design that I believe would work well for this specific study is the correlational prospective design. Having a quasi-experimental design is a controlled trial without randomization. I believe for this study to be successful it is vital to have randomization involved in the placement of the patient in either the treatment group or the control group. This is why I believe that the correlational prospective design is the most appropriate design out of all the alternative designs that were discussed. Correlational prospective design is when the researcher finds a cause and works to find the effect of the cause
Also, any families spend their time together by eating meals while watching television, which can cause children to overeat (Denney-Wilson). Often partnered with fast food, soft drinks have risen to popularity. Many parents are unaware that one 12 ounce can of soda is filled with 10 teaspoons of sugar. Just one additional serving of soda increases a child’s odds of obesity by 60% (“1 Can of…”). If parents are made aware of what they are feeding their children, it might help reduce the percentage of obese children in the United States. Although most families would react to obesity by trying to feed their children healthier meals, some lower-income families are unable to afford the best quality food for their families. One study showed that children from households that are experiencing financial insecurity are more prone to health issues than those who are not experiencing these same issues (Yoo). The government should help these lower-income families by providing them with monetary support to purchase healthy food. Not only will the incorporation of a healthy diet help children overcome their weight problems, it can have an added benefit of helping them academically. Researchers have found that children who eat healthy meals will report better scores on standardized tests (Williams). By changing the diet of their children, parents can help their children to overcome their weight problems.