4. Describe the procedure for extracting copper from one of its ores. Include relevant chemical reactions, equations and energy considerations involved. Extraction of copper from chalcopyrite (CuFe2) occurs using processes such as: mining & crushing, froth flotation, roasting & smelting and electrolytic refining.
Mining the ore
Copper ore contains approximately 0.5% copper and 99.5% unwanted rock. To help separate the mineral copper from the gangue (sand, rock and other impurities), the ore is crushed and ground to a fine powder form ball mills (0.3mm particle size). Concentrating the ore (froth floatation)
This is the step in which there is the separation of the mineral is and the gangue. Milled ore is then mixed with collectors i.e. water, detergent, and oils. This is then fed into banks of floatation cells or tanks. Here air is blown into the mixture forming bubbles. Copper particles will adhere to the bubbles which rise to the surface. This froth is then removed and put through another series of test where the water and other unwanted chemicals are removed. This then leaves the concentrated metal which is now referred to as the metal concentrate. The ore contains approximately 30% copper after this process. Gangue is removed from the bottom of the tank
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This is then placed in a furnace that is heated to temperatures up to 1000°C. Combustion of the coal releases heat, the sand and lime act as a fluxing agent, which removes the impurities of the iron, for example Iron (II) silicate. These impurities then float to the top where they are removed and discarded. Copper matte is then formed, a mixture of Copper (I) oxide and copper (I) sulphide which contains about 50-70% copper. The copper matte is then mixed with additional sand and smelted again to produce molten copper metal, about 98% pure. Air is blown through molten copper at 1400°C, converting sulphides to sulphur
Put approximately 9-10(g) copper ore into beaker. Use spatula to break up any large pieces. Next add 17ml H2SO4 (aq) (hydro sulfuric acid) to the beaker. Began mixing until all or most traces of blue dissipate; or the copper ore will no longer dissolve (should appear as a milky liquid). Next use pipette to and remove solution and divide solution into 2 individual test tubes then Place test tubes into centrifuge and run centrifuge for 1 minute. Remove from centrifuge machine Fill a cuvette with the clear solution from the test tube making sure not to disturb the sediment at the bottom. Note the solution should bluish in tint Final place the cuvette in the colorimeter. Then record data and calculate in results section.
The Cu Later lab experiment is designed to allow you to practice lab skills in implementing and performing a series of reactions. Specifically, four types of chemical reactions will occur: oxidation/reduction; double replacement; single replacement; and decomposition. You will begin with a known amount of copper metal, which, after progressing through several steps, is reproduced. In this experiment you will observe and record the various changes such as heat, color changes, and production that occur. This procedure is used to observe some chemical reactions of copper and its compounds while also performing the lab appropriately as to retain the copper as much as
12) Find and extract the remaining copper wire out of the mixture using forceps and rinse the copper wire with distilled water so that the water goes into the plastic container.
The purpose of this lab was to determine the limiting reactant in a reaction between copper sulfate and iron. Using the reaction between copper sulfate and iron, the reaction was observed to see the reaction and transformation of matter. The copper sulfate was placed into a beaker, as the excess reactant, then iron filings added until the heated solution was completely reacted. This reaction created an excess of leftover. The law of conservation of mass can be observed in this reaction, and using the data found, the percent yield calculated.
The lab performed required the use of quantitative and analytical analysis along with limiting reagent analysis. The reaction of Copper (II) Sulfate, CuSO4, mass of 7.0015g with 2.0095g Fe or iron powder produced a solid precipitate of copper while the solution remained the blue color. Through this the appropriate reaction had to be determined out of the two possibilities. Through the use of a vacuum filtration system the mass of Cu was found to be 2.1726g which meant that through limiting reagent analysis Fe was determined to be the limiting reagent and the chemical reaction was determined to be as following:-
Washing of the copper is necessary in this experiment to separate the iron from the copper and make sure the iron is not counted in the mass of the copper.
I started with elemental copper metal and then reactions occur step by step as follows:
The purpose of the experiment is to cycle solid copper through a series of five reactions. At different stages of the cycle, copper was present in different forms. First reaction involves reaction between the copper and nitric acid, and copper changed from elemental state to an aqueous. The second reaction converted the aqueous Cu2+ into the solid copper (2) hydroxide. In the third reaction Cu(OH)2 decomposed into copper 2 oxide and water when heated. When solid CuO reacted with sulfuric acid, the copper returned to solution as an ion (Cu2+). The cycle of reactions was completed with the reaction where elemental copper was regenerated by Zn and Cu
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to observe the many physical and chemical properties of copper as it undergoes a series of chemical reactions. Throughout this process, one would also need to acknowledge that even though the law of conservation of matter/mass suggests that one should expect to recover the same amount of copper as one started with, inevitable sources of error alter the results and produce different outcomes. The possible sources of error that led to a gain or loss in copper are demonstrated in the calculation of percent yield (percent yield= (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100.
Procedure: First you will need to get all the lab equipment and material that is needed to do this experiment. After that fill the 150ml beaker to ¼ full of water. Than you will be provided by a teacher or an instructor who will give copper with an scoopula. Than pour the copper that was provided into the beaker, before you stir
In this task the concentration of an unknown sample of copper sulphate using colorimetry was used to find the concentration. In this investigation copper sulphate was used which is CuSO4.5H20 as a formula. To make a standard solution which was 1M, the same clean equipment was used to make up the standard solution as used to make sodium carbonate. However there was one difference and that was that the hot distilled water was used to dissolve the copper sulphate crystals. There had to be enough hot water in order to dissolve the crystals into the beaker and then add cold distilled water to cool the solution.
Before the synthesis of the Copper Iodine Compound, the identities provided (CuNO3)2 and Nal weighed 1.65 g and 4.7 g, respectively. After being weighed, the (CuNO3)2 exhibited a blue color, while the Nal, through observation, was a white color. However, when both identities were combined, the product turned into a brown and red rocky material. Once 20 mL of deionized water was added, the product quickly turned pale pink paste. After the solution was repeatedly washed with a total of an additional 100 mL of deionized water, the product was powdery and pink with small grains, and was left to air-dry. Once the product was air dried, it was observed to be a pale pink color, while the filter paper was stiff as the product was hard and dry. Therefore, the solid was scraped off onto a recrystallizing dish. However, the mass of an empty recrystallizing dish needed to be recorded in order to compare how much of the synthesized copper iodide was obtained. Within this case, the empty recrystallizing dish used weighed 32.01 g, the product on the empty dish weighed 1.03 g, having a total weight of 33.04 g.
When the zinc was added to the copper (II) sulfate solution, the solution started to bubble. As the solution was stirred, it turned a cloudy blue. Small flecks of a brown solid were visible. As the solution became colorless, the brown solid settled to the bottom of the beaker. The solid formed was copper in its elemental state. The color faded from the solution as the copper ions slowly formed into solid copper. The copper was poured into a funnel with filter paper and washed three times with 25 mL
To determine the enthalpy change for the displacement reaction between zinc powder and copper (II) sulphate solution.
0.5% of copper sulphate solution was added by drop at a time and and the test tube was shaked continuously.