Comparison And Contrast Positive And Negative Reinforce

Any type of reward or incentive you give your client that results in increasing the behavior you want your client to perform is a positive reinforcer

Negative reinforcement is removing an unpleasant consequence when a behavior is exhibited in order to encourage said behavior. This was shown when

e. Positive reinforcement presents an encouraging element to an individual after a wanted behavior is demonstrated. It helps to make the wanted behavior more likely to occur again in the future. An example of this is when a mother gives her child a treat after cleaning up his room. The child is more likely clean his room in the future because he received positive enforcement for performing the desired behavior.

Therefore, there is a requirement to expand the discussion about however reinforcement affects behaviour. Reinforcement is seen as: “an event, a circumstance, or a condition that increases the chance that a given response can recur in a scenario like that within which the reinforcing condition originally occurred” (TAHMDC, 2007). Meanwhile, Azrin and Holz (1966, cited in Skiba and Deno, 1991) defined penalty thus:

First, reinforcements, punishment and extinction. Reinforcements are used to strengthen a response by increasing its rate. There are two forms of reinforcement, positive and negative. Positive reinforcements can be can be in the form of food or removal of pain, which are considered primary reinforcers, or could be praise, attention or smiles, which are considered conditioned reinforcers (Crain, 2011). An example of positive reinforcement is a mother giving her daughter praise after finishing her homework. Negative reinforcements on the other hand are when something unpleasant is removed. An example of negative reinforcement is a child being able to leave the dinner table only after eating her vegetables. However, in contrast to reinforcements, punishments do not strengthen the behavior but try to eliminate it. Punishment works by presenting a negative consequence after an undesired behavior is exhibited or when a certain desired stimulus is removed after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, both resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future causing extinction (Prince, 2013). An example of punishment would be a child acting inappropriately and getting

The principle of negative reinforcement can be seen clearly in daily life. An example is wearing a seatbelt in cars because, when the engine is on, there is a continuous beep which can only be eliminated by the driver using the seatbelt. In this instance, the removal of the beep negatively reinforces seatbelt-wearing behaviour.

I have experienced the behavioral learning theory in a classroom, at home and in public. The behavioral learning theory deals with children learning from their actions by receiving reinforcements (Snowman, McCown 149). One of the principles of operant conditioning that I have experienced is positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is used when a teacher/parent wants to strengthen a desired behavior with positive reinforces (Snowman, McCown 150). Examples of positive reinforces are stickers, toys, candy, or even a fun activity. I remember when I was a third grader my teacher had a prize box. During the week, we would earn golden star stickers. I earned stickers when I successfully completed the activity, listened to lesson, or when I helped

A personal example of positive reinforcement is when my mother rewards me for getting good results on my tests by giving me extra allowance for a week, motivating me to continue to study hard for my future tests. A negative reinforcement would be when my parents tell my sisters to keep their volumes down while I study to help me focus on studying. An example of positive punishment is when my co-curricular activity (CCA) coach scolds me for repeating a wrong move in my routine, making me focus on my mistakes so as to be less careless the next time I execute it. A negative punishment that I have received is my father restricting me from going out with my friends so as to reduce the amount of money I

An example of positive reinforcement is in Skinner’s Box experiment. A rat received food as a reward for his behavior of pressing a lever. In this experiment, they keep the rat in a box, which is different from its random experiment, and in order for the rat to eat, he had

For example, let’s say that you are having some issues with your puppy’s behavior. Every time you let him outside in the yard, he digs holes underneath the fence and escapes. Your goal is to keep him in your yard and teach him to quit digging holes. He is just a few weeks old so you are hoping you can quit his bad behavior before it becomes a permanent habit. You start off using negative punishment by tying him up to a leash outside every time he gets out of the fence. This is negative punishment because you are looking to decrease his behavior by taking away his freedom of roaming around and being loose in the yard. You then use positive reinforcement by giving him a treat every time he stays inside the fence and does not dig any holes. You are using positive reinforcement because you are adding a stimulus, the treat, hoping he will increase his good behavior. To be more specific this is a primary reinforcer, which is a reinforcer that is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning to make it pleasurable (King, 2014). Common primary reinforcers include food and water (King,

Originally, reinforcement learning was motivated by “animal learning of sequential behavior, but has been developed and extended in the field of machine learning as an approach to Markov decision processes” (Ishii and Yoshida, 2006, p. 326). According to Andersen and Sandaker (2010), “A reinforcer is a stimulus which affects the probability of the kind of behaviour that produces it.? There can be both positive reinforcers and negative reinforcers. One where “behaviour that produces stimuli that reinforce consequences will increase.” The other is where “behaviour that produces these stimuli decreases or behaviour that removes them or postpones them increases.” Therefore, “many reinforcing stimuli are unconditional and function as reinforcers without prior learning. man is a

A reinforcer is motivation to increase the chances that a behavior will happen again (Licht 2017). There are two different types of reinforcement: Positive and

In the field of Applied Behavior Analysis, reinforcement is a term used to delivering an item to increase the likelihood the behavior will increase in the future. Therefore, the advantage of the reinforcement is that the professionals is increasing appropriate behavior, and decreasing undesirable behaviors. Another advantage of reinforcement is that the motivation operation, establishing operations, will increase and cause the client to display the appropriate behavior more frequently. Another advantage of reinforcement is that the reinforcement can be low or no code. For example, social praise does not require payment and edibles are an advantage for those clients that are low functioning clients. Another advantage is that the professional

Operant conditioning focuses on a system of reinforcement and punishers where actions will have a consequence (Skinner, 2016). In operant conditioning, behaviour that is reinforced will be strengthened while behaviour that is not reinforced will weaken with time (Skinner, 2016). There are three types of operants. The neutral operants that will neither increase nor decrease the chances of repeating a behaviour (Skinner, 2016). The reinforcers will increase the chances of repeating a behaviour (Skinner, 2016). The punishers will decrease the chances of repeating a behaviour (Skinner, 2016). Positive reinforcement strengthens a behaviour as an individual gains rewards through it (Skinner, 2016). Negative reinforcement strengthens the behaviour by removing an unpleasant consequence

     There are two forms of reinforcement: positive and negative reinforcement. When an event occurs producing a positive effect, it is considered positive reinforcement. Negative reinforcement involves the removal of a stimulus increasing the likelihood of a positive effect. An example of this would be to take two aspirins to remove the pain from a headache.