Assignment I Standards Research Steven McMillan Dr. Matthew Anyanwu CIS 505: Communication Technologies Abstract A standard, as formally defined in Merriam-Webster’s dictionary is, something set up and established by authority as a rule for the measure of quantity, weight, extent, value, quality, custom, or general consent as a model for example. Most all industries, professions, and governmental agencies have standards that define and regulate how services are to be provided; products, tools, and resources should function and how organizations as a whole should operate. Standards presuppose collaboration of industry professionals, content specialist and governing agencies, working together to develop regulations, policy and procedures, and best practices to set a minimum baseline of quality and performance. In such collaboration several advantages are derived, such as; assuring the existence of large markets for particular types product and services, encouraging mass production and integration leading to lower costs; improving communication between multiple vendors leading to flexible equipment selection and use. Some disadvantages are that the pace of standard(s) development, because of the focus on a collaborative agreement across and industry, is much slower than the development of technologies within an industry. Due to this, some technologies have made it to market without the having a met a prerequisite standard of quality and performance.
The quality standards for an organisation set down the ‘rules’ around the products and services the business provides, the suppliers and services they use, how staff are recruited and trained and how customer service is dealt with.
Standardization: Set of predefined specifications, rules or features that manufactures or producers need to follow when they make/produce the products/goods or components of it. Example- MacDonalds set standardization for each of its menu items like size, weight, food value etc. So, each food item need to prepare according to predefined standard.
Standardization is the formulation and implementation of rules and guidelines for common and repeated use. Standardization is depicted in Christus Spohn in several ways for instance through policies, procedures, processes etc. The problem faced by the institution, that is, staffing is directly related to the above mentioned aspects of standardization.
"Standards" deal with measures of the quality of performance of those acts and the objectives to be attained by the use of procedures. The standards are less subject to change. The standards provide the criteria for rejecting, accepting, or modifying a procedure in a given circumstance. An example of the relative stability of standards and procedures is found in the change from non-computerized information systems to computerized systems. New procedures were required to audit computerized information systems, but auditing standards remained unchanged and were the criteria for determining the adequacy of the new procedures.
Standards- extent of work needed, rfelative complexity materiality, effectiveness of governance, probability of significant erros, and
Standards, unlike policies entail more detailed statements of what must be done to comply with a policy. Standards usually cover details such as the implementation steps; systems design concepts, specifications of software
: The aim of the coding standard is to make the maintenance easier. The coding standards for a one-person software production company are handled by this one person only. If there are any changes that are to be made to the code artifacts he is the person responsible for changing the code. In one-person software Production Company this one person is responsible for keeping the code standards and he is aware of it, so finally when certain errors occur he will be knowing where to look in the code artifacts and he will understand the standards that were imposed on the code artifacts. When it comes to organizations with 300 software professionals there will be lot of confusion going on between the members if the members are not made aware of the coding standard that are being imposed on the artifacts. We there are 300 members in the organization then there will be teams working for the same product so when one team follows one code standard and another team follows another code standard then the software product would fail. So whenever a code standard is used then the whole members who are working for the software product should be aware of the coding standards.
We are living in the 21st century, which will be remembered for the fast-paced technology development. A lot of technological advancements took place in this century. Today, the technology is virtually in all sectors especially, a lot of evolution in the Telecommunications Sector. The telecommunications sector comprises many companies that make communication possible on a global scale, whether through the mobile phone, computer or the Internet. It is an important part of our day-to-day life and basically, it saves our time. Similarly, innovation and technology have a big impact on Digital and Electronics sectors and result in every day with new a laptop model, with new laptop’s features like a laptop with new processors,
The Swiss-based International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is the world's largest developer of International Standards. These standards provide specifications for products, services and practices, regardless of type of industry. They are designed to make global trade more efficient and effective by providing common language and criteria. Founded in 1947, the ISO has published more than 19,000 International Standards for nearly every aspect of business and technology ("About ISO," n.d.)
Performance standards are a very integral part in the underlying business operations of any firm. Competition, particularly from foreign entities is becoming more intense. As such, standards must be created in order for companies to maintain their competitive advantage over their peers in a particular industry. One only needs to look at the auto industry to see how a lack of standards and oversight can be a detriment to business. Many foreign firms, due to competition have entered into the auto market that was once dominated solely
Before the standard is imported into the system, the standard will have to first be formatted in a way that is recognized by the software. This is subjected to availability of such a standard. If such format of the standard is not available in the industry, the company might have to reproduce the standard in order to import the standard into the software. This would take an incredibly long time and it will not be worthwhile if the standard is only used once. This can happen in an overseas project where the client specifies a certain standard to be used which is uncommon.
The First Generation of communication system is the Analog cellular system, means carrier is Analog. we just send wave forms primarily with voice. it is continuous in amplitude and time. variation in a signal disrupts over long distance . This Analog system was introduced in seventies.NMT , AMPS, TACS, CDPD technologies were used in 1G. It uses FDMA technique call to one country. All the Analog systems were used circuit switched technology and design only for voice communication not data. The cost for the system and voice transfer is also high in 1G.Problems with 1G is poor voice quality , less battery life , no security , the phone size is big and frequent call drops.
The word "Standard" means a "Yardstick" or "Bench Mark." The term "Standard Costs" refers to Pre-determined costs. Brown and Howard define Standard Cost as a Pre-determined Cost
Technology today is constantly growing and expanding into forms that we could never imagine, or we could but we just didn’t think it was possible. In any of the movies about the future we see amazing technology being put to use. I don’t know about you, but personally I always think to myself how far fetched it all seems. The new communication technology I chose really overwhelmed me at first. I couldn’t believe all the different ways it could be used for all different types of people and the lengths it could reach. The technology that I decided to write my paper on is called Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). I will discuss what exactly BCI is, how it works, and its application in today’s world.
Advances in communication technology have allowed entrepreneurs the ability to reach markets globally and impact the quality of life for many individuals. Finding a way to utilize an idea and turn it into that next ground breaking tool is a goal for many developers. In order to do this there must be an understanding of the technology that is being used, the markets the technology will impact, and the rights the owner of that technology has when it enters a market. As individuals and as a company, we have rights that have been given to us through the constitution. Making sure we follow those rights will determine the value of a product and the ability to market and sell the product for a financial gain while minimizing corporate and