Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MMTT)

This theory proposes that a traumatic event produces maladaptive assumptions and beliefs about the world, other people, and the self that interfere with recovery (Schultz, Barnes-Proby, Chandra, Jaycox, Maher, & Pecora, 2012). CBITS uses cognitive-behavioral techniques (for example, psychoeducation, relaxation, social problem solving, cognitive restructuring, and exposure). Cognitive-behavioral therapies work to teach people skills to combat these underlying issues, including correction of maladaptive assumptions, processing the traumatic experience instead of avoiding it, learning new ways to reduce anxiety and solve problems, building peer and parent support, and building confidence to confront stress in the future (Schultz, et al.,

Goodman, R. D. (2015). Trauma counseling and interventions: Introduction to the special issue. Journal Of Mental Health Counseling, 37(4), 283-294.

It is normal, following a traumatic experience, for a person to feel disconnected, anxious, sad and frightened. However, if the distress does not fade and the individual feels stuck with a continuous sense of danger as well as hurting memories, then that person might in fact be suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PSTD could develop after a traumatic incident which threatens one’s safety or makes one to feel helpless (Dalgleish, 2010). Coping with traumatic events could be very difficult, but confronting one’s feelings and seeking professional assistance is usually the only way to properly treat PSTD. Many kids and adolescents worldwide experience events that are traumatizing. If exposure to trauma is not treated, it could lead to various mental health problems. Researchers have reported a connection between traumatization and increases in mood and anxiety disorders, but the most frequently reported symptoms of psychological distress are post-traumatic stress symptoms (Cohen, Mannarino & Iyengar, 2011).

#2. Anthony, Anita’s son, has become increasingly defiant. He may have PTSD resulting from his father’s aggressive behaviors towards his mother during Anthony’s younger years. Since Anita is confused about how to parent Anthony, the use of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) might be an accurate intervention approach. TF-CBT is a short-term treatment program that lasts for approximately 8-20 sessions (Cooper & Lessler, 2014). TF-CBT can aid Anita and

It addresses the limitations of the DSM V and the definition of trauma. Additionally, the article examines how the criteria for PTSD has evolved and the necessity for clinicians to be open to further exploration. Goodman seeks to point out the importance of examining the past, present, and future of trauma therapy. Although research has yielded positive results, the need for continuing education and exploration is paramount. Furthermore, generational and discriminatory trauma like genocide and oppression were addressed. Goodman believes that more innovative trauma interventions are necessary to increase clinician awareness of complex and cultural traumas. The article also encourages the field of clinicians to further examine trauma clients with positive outcomes to enhance clinician awareness of necessary interventions to increase resiliency, healing, and growth. Overall, the purpose of the article is to heighten awareness regarding the importance of clinicians understanding trauma in a comprehensive manner to be advocates and better servicemen to the population we

This discussion is a review of the Cognitive Behavior Intervention for Trauma in Schools program also known as CBITS. This discussion will include an overview of the program and descriptions of components that are included within the program. The program has been introduced into two other programs that are specifically for children that have experienced trauma and how the program effected children who have been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. The implementation and effectiveness of this program and its transportability will be discussed. Cost Effectiveness and the quality of care that is received by the clients will also be evaluated. The program will also be reviewed for factors that will influence a provider’s decision to utilize the program and possible institutional obstacles and possible future opportunities will also be discussed.

Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is a conjoint child and parent psychotherapy approach for children and adolescents who are experiencing significant emotional and behavioral difficulties related to traumatic life events. This online TF-CBT course shows step by step instruction in ten modules for each component of therapy. According to the introduction on the Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy website it states that, “There is strong scientific evidence that TF-CBT helps children, adolescents, and their parents overcome many of the difficulties associated with abuse and trauma.” This is a very detailed online course that gives live video examples on how each process is done.

The literature has shown children dealing with PTSD have many intervention tools that can be administered by clinicians in direct practice. PTSD can present symptoms that are often diagnosed as anther disorder such as oppositional defiant, conduct, mild TBI, and separation anxiety. There are many evidence-based intervention tools used in treatment such as recovery techniques, pharmacotherapy, psychoeducation, psychodynamic and cognitive behaviour therapy. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is the most used intervention tool in direct practice, and it is used in countries around the world. CBT is used with children with different ethnicities with ages ranging from preschool to high school. Many clinicians use CBT with other intervention treatment

The National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) was stablished by Congress in 2000 and brings a comprehensive focus to childhood trauma. This network raises the average standard of care and improves access to services for traumatized children, their families and communities throughout the United States. The NCTSN defines trauma‑focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‑CBT) as an evidence‑based treatment approach that is shown to help children, adolescents, and their caregivers overcome trauma‑related difficulties. It is designed to reduce negative emotional and behavioral responses following a traumatic event. The treatment addresses distorted beliefs related to the abuse and provides a supportive environment so the individual can talk about their traumatic experience. TF‑CBT also helps parents cope with their own emotional issues and develop skills to support their children.

Two hundred twenty-nine 8- 14 year old children and their primary caretakers were randomly assigned to TF-CBT forms of alternative treatments. These 229 children had significant symptoms of PTSD, with 89% meeting full DSM-IV PTSD diagnostic criteria.(Cohen, Deblinger, Mannarino, & Steer, 2004, p. 399). “More than 90% of these children had experienced traumatic events in addition to sexual abuse.” (Cohen, Deblinger, Mannarino, & Steer, 2004, p.400). Traumatic events can include physical abuse, threats, and even just witnessing another individual being abused can cause a person to experience more

A., Mannarino, A. P., Kliethermes, M., & Murray, L. A. (2012). Trauma-focused CBT for youth with complex trauma. Child abuse & neglect, 36(6), 528-541.

Some of the trauma that children and adolescents experience or witness may consist of sexual abuse, neglect, maltreatment, violence, physical abuse, vehicular accidents, and crimes. As previously mentioned these traumatic events may cause PTSD and other common comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and possibly aggressive or impulsive behavior. To better understand how TF-CBT treatments help, it may be useful to understand what exactly PTSD is, and what it looks like in children and adolescents. According to the DSM-IV (2013), PTSD consists of persistent re-experiencing of the trauma experienced, avoidance of traumatic reminders such as certain people, places, and conversations, a general numbing of emotional responsiveness, and chronic physiological hyper arousal. Generally children with PTSD characteristically look different than adults whom are suffering from PTSD. The National Center for PTSD article displayed by the U.S. Department

“With effective treatment, children can recover from sexual abuse and other traumas. In TF-CBT, one key to recovery is encouraging children to open up and talk freely about their trauma (Getz, 2012).” First trauma-Focused cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is an evidence based treatment is a model designed to assist children and their families in overcoming the negative effects of traumatic experience. There are many types of trauma events such as child abuse, domestic violence, rape violent and community violence and etc. I will be discussing three main section which are: Facing trauma, Evidence based treatment and what differentiates TF-CBT.

Silverman, W. K., Ortiz, C. D., Viswesvaran, C., Burns, B. J., Kolko, D. J., Putnam, F. W., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2008). Evidence-Based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37, 1, 156-183.

Trauma can be defined as an event or experience that hinders an individual’s ability to cope (Covington, 2008). These experiences have the power to alter biology and brain function, especially earlier on in life. Trauma can change an individual’s world-view, impacting their sense of self. This can lead to difficulties with self-regulation and higher incidences of impulsive behavior (Markoff et al., 2005). Often, individuals who have endured traumatic incidences turn to self-medication as a form of coping (De Bellis, 2002).