Coeliac disease is a multisystem disease which mainly manifests in the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the most underdiagnosed hereditary autoimmune disorders (Green and Jones, 2016). In an autoimmune disease the body's immune system attacks its own tissues.
Small intestine is the section of digestive system that connects the stomach to the large intestine or colon. The villi, also known as the lining of the small intestine, enables us to digest and absorb nutrients necessary for the optimal functioning of the body.
Coeliac disease is described by the body causing damage or destroying the lining of the small intestine. Other organs of the body may potentially be affected as it progresses.
This damage is caused by gluten, a group of proteins found in wheat, barley and rye, and so in numerous foods that contain them such as breads, cakes, pastas, etc.
In people with coeliac disease, the immune system "sees" gluten as a foreign body
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
3. AETIOLOGY & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Gliadin is the most studied component found in gluten known to cause coeliac disease. There are proteins simular to gliadin found in rye (secalins) and barley (hordeins) which are toxic to coeliacs, and despite of being included in the term are not exactly glutens.
When the protein gets digested, it is broken down in the stomach and small intestine into single amino acids also known as dipeptides (two amino acid molecules) that are easily absorbed by the small intestine.
Gluten molecule is not digested well by humans, it is resistant to the enzymes which break down proteins (peptidases). Therefore, occurs the toxic fraction of gliadin - a long peptide chain made up of thirty-three amino acids. It gets into the lining of the intestine and underneath the epithelial cells lining the villi. In some people this gliadin fraction provokes an immunological reaction that causes the villi to be inflamed and destroyed. Gliadin fraction is the main environmental trigger and cause of coeliac
The small intestine is where the completion of the digestion and absorption of nutrients happens. The small intestine is highly adapted for the absorption; villi and microvilli. The small intestine is the main site for lipid digestion. The pancreas secretes lipases which are special enzymes that digest fats after they have been mixed with bile.
When the gluten reaches the small intestine, it activates the immune system to attack the intestine lining. Destroying the finger like projections called Villi which are involved in the absorption of the nutrients.
People who inherit the gene for celiac disease show symptoms of the disease only when they consume foods with gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats.
"Name the organ, and celiac disease can affect it," says Dr. Peter Green, director of the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University. In launching its assault on gluten, the immune system generates antibodies to an enzyme called tissue transglutaminase. This enzyme is an innocent bystander that acts on gluten in the lining of the intestine. But because the enzyme is also found throughout the body—in the skin, heart, thyroid, bones and nervous system—antibodies that attack it can direct their fire at any of these other organs, too.”
Did you know that if you have celiac diease it can stun your growth? There's no cure for celiac disease — but following a strict gluten-free diet can help manage symptoms and promote intestinal healing. If you have celiac disease, eating gluten triggers an immune response in your small intestine. Over time, this reaction produces inflammation that damages the small intestine's lining and prevents absorption of some nutrients (malabsorption). When people with celiac disease eat gluten (a protein found in wheat, rye and barley), their body mounts an immune response that attacks the small intestine. These attacks lead to damage on the villi, small fingerlike projections that line the small intestine, that promote nutrient absorption. When the
which we cannot digest the proteins found in gluten Pancreatic enzymes such as lipase have been
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease, meaning that the body’s immune system is responsible for the ill symptoms by attacking the body’s cells. This is different from an allergy, in that basophils and eosinophil are specifically responsible for allergic responses (Celiac Disease Foundation). When an individual with coeliac disease consumes wheat, barley, or rye [which contain the protein gluten]; it triggers the immune system to attack the body. The small intestine is usually a main target; specifically the villi, which are finger-like projections that line the small
Celiac’s disease is a digestive and autoimmune disorder that happens when you eat foods that contain gluten. An autoimmune system happens when your body mistakenly attacks its own tissues, because it thinks it’s bad (http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Autoimmune-Disease.aspx). So, your immune system reacts to the gluten, as it harms something called villi, which is in your small intestine (http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/celiac-disease/celiac-disease). Villi are lined all around your intestine, and they are very important. They look like little, tiny hairs, and they absorb all of the nutrients you need! Because they get damaged, though, nutrients can’t be absorbed, and you may end up being malnourished, even if you eat a lot!
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease that is associated with genetic, environmental and immunological factors. The disease is closely associated with genes that code for human leukocyte antigens DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes. In general, celiac disease has been recognized as a T lymphocyte associated disorders in which proteins derived gliadins, in the form of naive or deamidated by tissue Transglutaminase, activate T lymphocytes and as a result, release proinflammatory cytokines Such as IFNγ,IL-17,IL-21 and etc. these cytokines lead to histopathological changes like villous atrophy, Crypt hyperplasia and etc. In addition, celiac disease has a specific antibody against gluten and an autoantigen of the transglutaminase 2 that provides strong
The small intestine is responsible for absorbing food and nutrients. Thus, damage to the lining of
CD in the pediatric population complicates recognition of the disease in many patients. Treatment for CD consists of a lifelong strict gluten-free
In the eyes of the media, the notion of The African-America Institute was formed in order to give Africans the opportunity to gain an American education. AAI was founded in 1953 by Dr. Horace Mann Bond, who was also the President of Lincoln University in Oxford, Pennsylvania and Professor William Leo Hansberry, a Howard University educator of history. Bond and Hansberry focus was to ensure all Africans who came into the country and of the country would get the proper funding, in order to attend the American Universities in United States of America. Upon seeing having negative cognition to their image would be of the African Union, former known as, Organization for African Unity.
There are such a vast variety of symptoms in celiac that it can be very hard to diagnose. Symptoms may or may not be in the abdomen. One person can have diarrhea or abdominal pain while another has irritability and depression. Irritability is the most common symptom in children. Some symptoms of the disease are:
Gluten is usually referred to some group of proteins that are present in our everyday food items such as in wheat, barley, unprocessed oats, spelt, rye, semolina and any other form of flour. There are usually two main types of gluten proteins - glutenin and gliadin. Out of these, gliadin is the main culprit which offers harmful effects leading to obesity and many types of brain disorders. Although there is still debate going on about avoiding gluten from the food, it's always advised to have gluten free food as healthy snacks intermittently in order to have a balanced bowel activity and keep the energy flow running.
What are you grateful for? What matters most for you? Is it money, is it family? Have you thought about education and its big role it plays to get you to a future you want and will like? In this well-written documentary directed by Davis Guggenheim, the question of the matter is the American education system, and its backlash on poverty and areas of need. He follows a couple unlikely kids and their struggle to get into a average school and how failure to just get into a school like this is the downfall of someone’s future career. This documentary relates so well to previous reads and watches about the American education system. Involving speeches like Sir Ken Robinson and the book “Re-reading America,” in correlation with Guggenheim’s piece of work. This portrayal of education depicts harrowing stories of how some kids growing up in places where education is non-existent and failure is common. He uses an array of techniques to capture to attention of the audience and change their perception of opinions. And he does this through the use of pathos, but in the work of that pathos he builds it with the help of music and tone. These emotions certainly grab the audience's attention and beliefs, and uses it to express the opinion and characteristic of the topic argument. Within Guggenheim’s excellent piece of work there are key components that give his artwork a more visual and thorough meaning along with the story.