Abstract
A cochlear implant is a surgically implanted electronic device that provides a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing. To what degree is there a difference in communicative and responsive verbal language skills in children who are fitted with a cochlear implant and children who have no hearing responsive impairment? Research validates that the cochlear implant has improved the hearing capability in children. The purpose of this project is to explain the differences in communicative and verbal language skills, performance on cognitive tasks, and reading comprehension in children with normal hearing and children with the cochlear implant.
Introduction
Communication is extremely important in our lives. The use of language is how a child expresses their wants, needs, and comprehend what is going on around them in the world today. A hearing loss hinders the ability to perform those tasks. Much research has been conducted to determine if early intervention, such as implanting a cochlear implant when the child is an infant, will provide a significant gain in communication and language skills.
In a noisy environment, being able to monitor speech reception can be a challenge to someone who suffers from hearing loss. There has been an abundance of research conducted on school age children ranging from 8 to 17 years of age.
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AuBuchon et al, (2015) conducted a study testing the verbal processing speed. They tested 55 cochlear implant users against normal hearing children with “correlational analysis being used to assess relations between VRS (articulation rate), perceptual encoding speed (digit and color naming)” and the outcomes. There was much more variability in the speech of children with implants versus those with normal hearing due to “neurocognitive information processing mechanisms”
To assess if cochlear implants (CI) provide more benefit than conventional hearing aids (HA) in prelingually deaf patients.
Cochlear implants are becoming more and more popular now. Even babies as young as 12 months are receiving a cochlear implant. For hearing parents it’s more convenient to have their child get a cochlear implant rather then to learn sign language. Hearing parents usually just look for the simple way out because they don’t want to have a child who is “different.�
Passages A & B have different views on what would work best for the Deaf people, but they both want want a positive outcome for the Deaf community. Passage A mainly talks about how the cochlear implants do not benefit deaf people and how the permanent effects from it can be a disadvantage for the implant patient in the deaf community. “Implanted children would "end up trapped between two worlds: they can't live the way hearing people can, and yet they won't have grown up in the deaf community, using ASL" (Zimmer 85)”. The author helps the reader understand the Deaf community rather then understand the medical view of cochlear implants.
A Cochlear Implant is an electronic device that partially restores hearing in people who have severe hearing loss due to damage of the inner ear and who receive limited benefit from hearing aids (http://www.cochlear.com/wps/wcm/connect/au/home/understand/hearing-and-hl/hl-treatments/cochlear-implant). In some cases there are patients whose hearing did not adjust correctly, having a risk of developing a virus, complications after the surgery, the benefits of sign language without a cochlear implant and lastly children or adults with cochlear implants may not even develop a good speech. There are many positive and negative articles I have read on cochlear implants. As a parent you are not only putting your child at risk, you are also withdrawing them from the deaf community, the one they were naturally born into. I do not support cochlear implants, children should not be implanted until they are grown to the point where they can make their own choice
When your child is born, you want to make sure they're healthy. The doctors tell you that your child cannot hear and that he/she is a perfect candidate for a cochlear implant (CI). You have to decide, as a parent, whether to give he/her an implant and to be oral, not to give the implant and to be Deaf, or both. My decision is to give my child a CI, teach he/her to be oral, sign language, and being Deaf.
In today’s society there is an ongoing debate of weather children who are deaf should receive cochlear implants. A cochlear implant is a device that takes sound wave and changes the waves into electrical activity for the brain to interpret. Wire called electrodes are surgically implanted into the cochlear nerve which receives a signal from the microphone attached to the transmitter and speech processor. The microphone captures the sound from the environment and the speech processor filters the noise versus speech. Then the transmitter sends an electrical signal through the electrodes to stimulate the cochlear nerve. Every person has a different thought depending on their experiences in their life whether deaf children should receive cochlear
Being able to hear is something I think most people take for granted. But what if you cannot hear? On July 15, 2015, I was afforded the opportunity to observe eight-year-old Braydon Smith and five-year-old Peyton Smith, who were born deaf. Their names were changed to protect their identity. Their younger sister, Mackenzie, whose name was also changed to protect her identity, did not have any issues with her hearing. I met with both boys and their mother, Sandra Smith, at a relative’s home in Belton, Texas. However, the family lives in Loganville, Georgia. I found both boys to be energetic, and playful. Their mother seemed excited to tell her sons’ stories. Present at the meeting was Sandra Smith,
Hearing is very important for learning. Hearing status is strongly correlated with academic performance so these children need to be identified to help ensure positive outcomes. A mild loss may go unnoticed but can have detrimental effects on learning. Classrooms can be noisy environments which are challenging for normal hearing listeners and even more so for children with hearing losses. Providing integrated audiological and speech services through the school system helps identify children who are at risk for difficulties and provide interventions to help ensure a smooth transition to school. The school is a good access point for these services because it is close to the child’s home, parents have a direct contact, wait times can be shorter
Claire is now transitioning into preschool, and her parents are worried about what Claire's first school experience will be like but luckily for Claire her new teacher, Ms. Williams, is a veteran preschool teacher and in the past, Ms. Williams has taught students with disabilities who use alternative communication systems but from what I read in the article Ms. Williams doesn't have any experience in working with children cochlear implant nevertheless she is very eager to learn and work with Claire. Ms. Williams seems a bit nervous to work with Claire and has several questions about cochlear implants. Ms. Williams has heard that the cochlear implant devices are very expensive and she is worried about simply keeping track of Claire's device, she also worries about the troubleshooting of the device if something goes wrong, is there a difference between teaching a child with a cochlear implant and teaching other children with disabilities. Although Ms. Williams is anxious to learn more about cochlear implants and how to best support Claire's developing listening and communication skills. Ms. Williams assumes Claire will need a variety of visual supports and she wonders about the different types of visual supports and accommodations that Claire might
A cochlear implant is an implanted medical device for the deaf or hard of hearing that do not benefit from the traditional hearing aid. It is composed of an internal device that is implanted in the recipient’s head and an external device that is the sound processor. The sound processor collects sound and then transmits it to the implanted device, which then sends it directly to the brain to be interpreted as language. During the time that I was choosing a hearing solution for my daughter I experienced a lot of negative opinions from the deaf culture (community of deaf people who share sign language among other things). They seem to be against parents choosing to have their small children implanted. The deaf culture presumes
Development focuses on information processing, conceptual resources, language learning, and other brain development and psychology. A significant amount of research has focused on cognitive development and the deaf community because it is considered the domain for language development. In 1987, Abraham Zwiebel conducted research with three groups of deaf children—a) children from all deaf families that used manual communication, b) deaf children of hearing parents that used partial manual communication, and c) deaf children of hearing parents that used aural/oral communication-- and a group of hearing children. He studied cognitive development using three measures—teacher evaluations, the Draw-a-Person test, and the Snijders-Oomen Non-Verbal Test. The research concluded that manual environment factors are responsible for the higher cognitive development of deaf children of deaf parents (Zwiebel, 1987). Zwiebel’s research holds merit today because of his use of grouping and differentiating within the deaf community along communication
The National Institute on Deafness defines the cochlear implant as, “… a small, complex electronic device that can help to provide a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard-of-hearing.” The cochlear implant was first introduced in 1979 and it is estimated that 324,000 implants have been implanted worldwide. The surgery is proven to work better when the child being implanted is young, preferably younger than five. It is ideal to implant a child before their language or speech has developed. The FDA has approved children as young as 12-months old to receive the cochlear implant.
A second reason why knowing the sign language before doing the cochlear implants is important is that it prevents the deaf child
Recently in the United States, there has been a drive at both the state and national level to provide universal screening for newborns to detect hearing loss. Although the idea of a universal screening in newborns is a new phenomenon, research has examined the impact of early intervention and screening for children with hearing loss. “Most professionals in the field feel strongly that early identification of hearing loss and early implementation of intervention enhances the child’s social, communicative, and academic development” (Calderon, 1998, p. 54). With that, the two studies used participants in the same early intervention program and mainly focused on the importance of the age of enrollment. Furthermore, the age of enrollment
The article “Parents of deaf children with cochlear implants: a study of technology and community” focus mostly on the clinical structures and how parents decide to use cochlear implant or not. The data shows that the clinic, the state and local school districts are working together to anticipate parental needs.