Cincinnatus Primary Sources

On March 15, 44 BCE, Julius Caesar was attacked by a group of conspirators and died within minutes due to multiple stab wounds. Before he was murdered, he was an adored consul of Rome, though some people believed he was gaining too much control and had to be stopped. While there were many conspirators and it is difficult to pin the blame on any specific person, the Casca brothers delivered the fatal blow. Therefore, they are responsible for the death of Julius Caesar.

At first glance, Giovanni Paolo Pannini’s Picture Gallery with Views of Modern Rome (1757) reveals very little past the outsider-looking-in perspective we are given from Pannini’s perspective. In the center is the Duc de Choiseul surrounded by detailed views of Roman architecture including buildings, fountains, and monuments and several infamous sculptures from the 17th and 18th centuries. While looking at the painting, it is hard to pinpoint one focal point within the composition when the walls of the gallery are filled with paintings from the floor to the ceiling. The focus becomes about the space Pannini has created and it does not focus on one specific object or figure. Each view of Rome seen in the imagined gallery adds to the illusion of Rome as an ideal city and to the idea of its beauty. By showing a space that reflects this beauty through the numerous paintings, sculptures, and architecture Pannini’s painting transforms into an allegory. Even though this painting was commissioned to commemorate Rome, he is able to portray the city and its architecture through a well respected and scholarly environment uncharacteristic of any known space or time. These characteristics cause the which allows it by creating a fictitious These allegorical characteristics do not become known unless you take a closer look at Picture Gallery with Views of Modern Rome (1757).

Cincinnatus was also honored for his “selfless devotion.” To him, he felt the least he could do for his country is to be a loyal citizen. He could’ve asked for money like Marius, who would later offer money to anyone who would join the army, but he didn’t need to; he wanted to be dictator for the sake of the Roman Empire. Unlike a lot of Rome’s leaders, he didn’t let the fame get to him enough to continue being dictator. Instead, he “gave up the reins of power when the crisis was over” (EEB, 2015).

Emperor Augustus commissioned these sculptures around 20 B.C.E. to be distributed around the Empire as propaganda. This statue communicates his ideology and power. Before Augustus came to power, Roman political culture valued older, wiser men for positions of political power. He decided the Roman empire need to return to the classical idea of an emperor who was a strong, youthful military victor. According to Fischer, “...by modeling the Primaporta statue on such an iconic Greek sculpture created during the height of Athens’ influence and power, Augustus connects himself to the Golden Age of that previous civilization.” Both Augustus of Primaporta and Leviathan Zodiac are both trying to curate an idea of power and masculinity. While Augustus of Primaporta propagandistic in nature, Wiley’s work is trying to send out an innocent but powerful message about how we perceive marginalized groups of

Julius Caesar is a powerful, confident man who leads great armies and efficiently rules the Roman Empire.

Julius Caesar is a powerful, confident man who leads great armies and efficiently rules the Roman Empire.

There were a lot of divisions that was emerging in the United States in the 1830s and 1840s. Manifest destiny at the time provided a pleasant response to, or a nice covering over of what was actually happening. First of all, during the 1830 and 1840 there was increasing class division in the United States. Similarly, increasing numbers of poor people that migrated from Europe to the United States in hope of a better future, not to mention in the north there seem to be an “end of slavery". Due to the north “ending slavery” white American were now competing not only with African Americans but as well the massive immigrants that were coming to America. Manifest destiny could have not occurred in the best time were average Americans wanted

Many people knew Julius Caesar as powerful and popular Roman general and statesman. Julius was born in Rome the year of 100BC, and later died in 44BC. Growing up Julius had a well-rounded family. His father, Gaius Caesar, governed the region of Asia, and his mother, Aurelia Cotta, was the noble birth. At the age of seventeen, Julius married Cornelia, the daughter of an influential politician in Rome. Then just at 31, Julius had fought in wars and become involved in Roman politics. Although some people might view Julius Caesar as a villain, he was considered to be a hero in the Roman world. Julius Caesar is a hero because he improved the Roman Republic, changed the local governments, and protected the reconstruction of the city-states.

When analyzing the original purpose of the statue, it is clear to me that Genoa commissioned the monument to commemorate the late Christopher Columbus. There are many pieces of the monument that indicate its original purpose, including the placard that was dedicated with it. When the people of Genoa gifted the statue to Columbus, Ohio, the placard stated that the gift was “to the city which so proudly bears the name of Columbus.” The word proudly is important when deciphering the statue’s meaning because it shows that the people of Columbus were not supposed to just bear the name of Columbus, they were supposed to embrace his name and be proud to do so. The placard shows that Genoa idolized the late explorer and was proud to give away a gift of his memory. The statue’s pose also attests to the original purpose of the monument because it depicts a wise Columbus with honorable robes and a scroll firmly grasped in his hand. His robes and his scroll evoke a sense of nobility and substance because they are characteristic accessories of men like judges and priests, who we hold in high regard. Those details in this statue make it clear that this piece was originally meant to memorialize the infamous Columbus, and to bless the city that

An example of a major source, which chiefly opposes the alternate interpretations provided by numerous other sources, is evident through the portrayals delivered by Tacitus in the Annals which contain a prospect of first century Rome, from Tiberius to Domitian. However in general, Tacitus offers a vivid representation of the Roman Empire, and doesn’t overlook the deadly exploitation and inhumaneness of the time, especially in regards to Augustus. This same view is further supported as Tacitus states that the “Protection of the laws were continually deranged by violence, intrigue and corruption” and that he, along with all of the Roman people, were “Stript of equality…” as they “…all looked up to the commands of a sovereign without the least

Julius Caesar a man who made history, and a man who should get credit for the incredible things he’s done. I believe, Julius Caesar, should get the statue because he was an active leader by expanding the Roman Empire, he accomplished things that others wouldn’t dare to do and he also ruled many lands.

This essay will focus on one of Rome’s most well preserved monuments. A monument which stood the test of time, ever since reflecting an important part of Rome’s military history in a well preserved state, the Trajan’s Column.

Julius Caesar, a man born in around 12 to 13, 100 BC, was considered the start of a new legacy in the history of Rome. Participating in several wars, becoming dictator after forming multiple military alliances, to being assassinated on the Ides of March, Julius Caesar was a politically-flexible, popular leader of the Roman Empire. (Julius Caesar Biography, April 23, 2014) Although Caesar’s birth was never confirmed on the exact date, he was born and raised by his mother, Aurelia, and by his father, Gaius Julius Caesar. (Julius Caesar: Historical Background, April 23, 2014)

Thirdly, the Arch of Titus presents Rome as well governed and powerfully led. In honor of Titus, who had died when it was built, this arch presents the ruler well. It shows him as powerful, equal with gods and fully supported by the senate. To support and reaffirm the people’s sense of security in their roman leaders, the sculptor uses techniques to create a god-like aura around Rome’s leaders. Titus is shown celebrating victory, leading a victory procession. He stands on a chariot with a winged victory, symbolically being led by a ‘valor’. He stands taller than these deities, symbolizing his equality to them. Additionally the ‘genius senatus’ stands behind the chariot. He is bearded which shows his age and wisdom. The presence of the senate member in the procession of Titus shows he has their support in his endeavors. This is propaganda, showing the romans that they are in a republic governmental system, not a

The art and architecture in the Augustan regime fundamentally reflected the new order and glorified the position and power of Augustus. Initially, at the beginning of his political career, Augustus wished to portray himself appropriately, therefore devised a new image as the first leader of the restored Republic. The academics Walker and Burnett comment that this plan included the melting down of eighty silver statues of Augustus, as the metal was “considered inappropriate for images of living persons and should be reserved for gods” (Walker and Burnett, 1981, 17); the silver was then offered to the Temple of Apollo. Nevertheless, Augustus’ intention to limit the use of his image can appear to be